King 1992

Methods	DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial BLINDING PROCEDURES: Not clear SAMPLE CALCULATION: No DURATION: 28 days FOLLOW‐UP: Daily urine dipslides WITHDRAWALS/DROPOUTS: 11 ITT: Not stated GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: USA SETTING: Rehabilitation Hospital
Participants	N = 46 DIAGNOSIS: Neurogenic bladder due to recent spinal cord injury ELIGIBLE: 58 ENROLLED: 46 COMPLETED: 35 AGE: Adults GENDER: Male
Interventions	Sterile vs clean technique (also Single Use vs Multiple Use) catheterisation kit and sterile single‐use catheter, meatus cleansed with povidone iodine. Clean technique: sterile catheter reused for one day after being washed with soap and water, non‐sterile gloves and container (uncoated, non‐lubricated catheters)
Outcomes	Ddaily urine dipslides + symptomatic UTI
Notes	No statistically significant differences between urine cultures or Sx UTI; weeks to onset of UTI was 1.1 (0.87) for treatment and 1.2 (1.0) for control. Number of days in trial varied from 1 to 28 with only nine participants completing more than twenty days.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"46 patients were assigned randomly"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No blinding, but the review authors judge that the outcome and outcome measurement are not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated. UTI determined by lab results and participant symptoms
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Withdrawals were evenly balanced between groups
Source of Funding	Low risk	American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Nurses; Rehabilitation Institute Foundation US