Cardenas 2009

Methods	DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial BLINDING PROCEDURES: Non‐blinded SAMPLE CALCULATION: Yes DURATION: 12 months WITHDRAWALS/DROPOUTS: 11 ITT: Not stated GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: North America SETTING: Community
Participants	N = 56 DIAGNOSIS: Spinal cord injury for >6 months with >1 UTI ELIGIBLE: Not stated ENROLLED: 56 COMPLETED: 45 AGE: Adults GENDER: 29 male, 16 female
Interventions	Hydrophilic‐coated catheter, not activated, water added by user versus uncoated catheter, non‐lubricated, single use both arms
Outcomes	Symptomatic UTI, treatment with antibiotics
Notes	No difference in incidence of bacteriuria or symptomatic UTIs between treatment and control groups. Significantly less UTIs treated with antibiotics in treatment group.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated. More women in the control group, significantly more tetraplegic participants in the control group.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not stated.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No blinding, but the review authors judge that the outcome and outcome measurement are not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unblinded. Monthly self‐report of UTI symptoms together with urine sampling used to determine presence of UTI. Use of antibiotics determined by participant's clinician (independent of research trial).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing outcome data balanced in numbers between intervention group (n = 6) and control group (n = 5), with similar reasons for missing data across groups.
Source of Funding	Low risk	National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research US