Comparison 3. Cognitive behavioural vs treatment as usual.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Pain	16	1148	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.21 [‐0.37, ‐0.05]
2 Disability	15	1105	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.26 [‐0.47, ‐0.04]
3 Mood	12	899	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.38 [‐0.57, ‐0.18]
4 Catastrophising	5	308	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.53 [‐0.76, ‐0.31]