Basler 1997.
| Methods | RCT; 2 arms; assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months | |
| Participants | End of treatment n = 76 Start of treatment n = 94 Sex: 57 F, 19 M Mean age = 49.3 (SD 9.7) Source = pain or rehabilitation clinic Diagnosis = chronic low back pain Mean years of pain = 10.8 |
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| Interventions | "CBT added to medical treatment" "Medical treatment" |
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| Outcomes |
Primary pain outcome: NRS 0 to 10 pain Primary disability outcome: disability in physical function from Dusseldorf Disability Scale Primary mood outcome: none Catastrophising outcome: PRSS catastrophising 1. Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (0 to 10) 2. Control over pain Numerical Rating Scale (0 to 10) 3. Days per week pain‐free 4. Days per week pain medication use 5. Use of cognitive strategies (self report) 6. Use of avoidance behaviour (self report) 7. Pleasant activities (self report) 8. Social support (self report) 9. Philosophical beliefs (self report) 10. Catastrophising (bespoke scale) 11. Active coping (bespoke scale) 12. Disability in social relationships from Dusseldorf Disability Scale 13. Disability in social roles from Dusseldorf Disability Scale 14. Disability in physical function from Dusseldorf Disability Scale 15. Disability in mental performance from Dusseldorf Disability Scale 16. Disability in physical performance from Dusseldorf Disability Scale |
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| Notes | CBT versus TAU, post‐treatment: analyses 3.1, 3.2 Yates quality scale: total quality = 18/35, design quality = 12/26, treatment quality = 6/9 |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | “Through assignment of random numbers, patients were allocated to an experimental treatment or a control group.” |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | High risk | Not reported |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Attrition reported; 1 difference found between dropouts and completers |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Fully reported |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Not reported |