Kaapa 2006.

Methods	RCT; 2 arms; assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years
Participants	End of treatment n = 120 Start of treatment n = 132 Sex: 120 F, 12 M (start of treatment) Mean age = 46.3 (SD 7.5) Source = community Diagnosis = chronic low back pain Mean years of pain = 1.3
Interventions	"semi‐intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation" "individual physiotherapy"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: pain intensity 0 to 10 Primary disability outcome: Oswestry Disability Index 0 to 100 Primary mood outcome: (DEPS) depression 0 to 30 Catastrophising outcome: none Low back pain intensity 0 to 10 Sciatic pain intensity 0 to 10    Oswestry Disability Index 0 to 100 Subjective work capacity 0 to 10 Recent sick leave due to back pain Beliefs re working (2‐year follow‐up) 0 to 10 The Depression Scale (DEPS) 0 to 30 Health care consumption 12 months
Notes	CBT versus active, post‐treatment and follow‐up: analyses 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 Yates quality scale: total quality = 23/35, design quality = 20/26, treatment quality = 3/9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque sealed envelopes; numbers generated by independent statistician
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Fully reported; no test for differences
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Fully reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported