Keefe 1990.

Methods	RCT. 3 arms; assessed pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months
Participants	End of treatment n = 94 Start of treatment n = 99 Sex: 71 F, 28 M Mean age = 64.0 (SD 11.5) Source = rheumatology clinic Diagnosis = osteoarthritis of the knee Mean years of pain = 12.0
Interventions	"coping skills training" "arthritis education" "standard care"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: AIMS pain Primary disability outcome: AIMS physical disability Primary mood outcome: AIMS psychological disability Catastrophising outcome: none Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS): pain  Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS): psychological disability Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS): physical disability Pain behaviour (Keefe & Block) observation                        Coping Strategy Questionnaire                           Medication use
Notes	CBT versus active, post‐treatment and follow‐up: analyses 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 CBT versus TAU, post‐treatment and follow‐up: analyses 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 Yates quality scale: total quality = 26/35, design quality = 18/26, treatment quality = 8/9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	“randomly assigned (using a random number table)”
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported (but equal credibility of treatments rated by participants)
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Fully reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Fully reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported