Puder 1988.

Methods	RCT; 2 arms; assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 1 month
Participants	End of treatment n = 69 Start of treatment n = 71 Sex: 49 F, 20 M Mean age = 52.7 (SD 14.4) Source = community Diagnosis = mixed chronic pain Mean years of pain = 10.0
Interventions	"Cognitive behaviour therapy" "waiting list"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: pain diary Primary disability outcome: pain interference Primary mood outcome: none available Catastrophising outcome: none Pain diary 0 to 5: highest and lowest ratings                 Pain interference 0 to 5 Coping 0 to 5        Medication use
Notes	CBT versus TAU, post‐treatment: analyses 3.1, 3.2 Yates quality scale: total quality = 13/35, design quality = 10/26, treatment quality = 3/9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	“randomly assigned”
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Attrition reported; no test for differences
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Partially reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported