Strauss 1986.

Methods	RCT; 3 arms; assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months
Participants	End of treatment n = 43 Start of treatment n = 57 Sex: 46 F, 11 M Mean age = 54.0 (SD 13.0) Source = rheumatology clinic Diagnosis = rheumatoid arthritis Mean years of pain not given
Interventions	"group psychotherapy" "relaxation/assertion" "no treatment"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: no data available Primary disability outcome: no data available Primary mood outcome: no data available Catastrophising outcome: none 4 aggregate outcome measures: Functional status, social adaptation, psychological adaptation, psychological symptoms Measures contributing to these: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS) Short Form 36 Rathus Assertive Behavior Scale Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale Hostility Inventory Wright’s Human Service Scale & Handicap Problems Inventory
Notes	No data Yates quality scale: total quality = 10/35, design quality = 9/26, treatment quality = 1/9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	“randomly assigned”
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Attrition not reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Partially reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not reported