Zautra 2008.

Methods	RCT; 3 arms; Assessed at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, 6 months follow‐up
Participants	Start of treatment N = 142 End of treatment N = 137 46 M, 97 F Mean age 62.1 men, 50.6 women Diagnosis = rheumatoid arthritis Mean years of rheumatoid arthritis 15.4 years men, 11.6 years women
Interventions	"cognitive behavioral therapy for pain" "mindfulness meditation and emotion regulation therapy" "education‐only group"
Outcomes	Primary pain outcome: pain diary 0 to 100 Primary disability outcome: none Primary mood outcome: PANAS negative affect Catastrophising outcome: CSQ catastrophising subscale rescored Pain once‐daily diary 0 to 100 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): provides positive affect and negative affect scores Depressive symptoms: sum of 6 items Pain coping efficacy (2 items, 1 to 5) CSQ catastrophising subscale Pain control 1 to 10 Disease Activity Score from examination of 28 joints by rheumatologist Interleukin IL‐6
Notes	December 2009 search Data obtained from author Used CBT for pain and education control group: 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.3, 2.4 Yates quality scale: total quality = 27/35, design quality = 19/26, treatment quality = 8/9
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random numbers table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Not reported; treatment credibility measured but at end of treatment
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Attrition fully reported; no test for differences
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Fully reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Assessment by staff not involved in treatment

AIMS: Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BT: behaviour therapy; CBT: cognitive behavioural therapy; CEQ: Cognitive Errors Questionnaire; CES‐D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CLBP: chronic low back pain; CSQ: Coping Strategies Questionnaire; DASS: Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale; EMG: electromyograph; FESV: Pain‐Related Distress Questionnaire; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; GA: graded activity; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HSCL: Hopkins Checklist; IRGL: Invloed van Reuma op Gezondheid en Leefwijze; MPQ PRI: Melzack Pain Questionnaire Pain Response Index; NRS: numerical rating scale; OMPQ: Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire; PANAS: Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PCCL: Pain Coping and Cognition List; PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PDI: Pain Disability Index; PRSS: Pain‐Related Self‐Statements; PT: physical treatment; RAI: Rheumatoid Arthritis Index; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SD: standard deviation; SIP: Sickness Impact Profile; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SOPA: Survey of Pain Attitudes; TAU: treatment as usual; TSK: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; VAS: visual analogue scale; WHO: World Health Organization; WHYMPI: West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory; WLC: waiting list control.