Tseng 2005.

Methods	RCT comparing TVT with SPARC
Participants	62 women Inclusion criteria: women with USI with or without POP Exclusion criteria: those with POP > ICS stage 2 and those with previous anti‐incontinence surgery Mean age was 51 years and median parity of 3. The 2 groups were similar in terms of age, parity and menopausal status
Interventions	Group A: SPARC (n = 31) Group B: TVT (n = 31)
Outcomes	Objective cure: defined as pad weight ≤1g Improved: participants whose loss decreased to < half of the preoperative value were considered to have improved
Notes	All women had routine suprapubic ultrasonography for detecting unrecognised subcutaneous or retropubic haematoma on the day immediately after the operation, and 7/8 of those with retropubic haematoma of >5 cm diameter were discharged uneventfully from the hospital within 7 days of the operation. Ultrasonography performed at the 1 month follow‐up visit revealed complete resolution of the haematoma for every participant Follow‐up at 2 years Women and their outcome assessors were blinded, but the exact method used to achieve this was unclear
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	By using a predetermined computer‐generated randomisation code, those subjects who acquiesced and satisfied the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly by the authors (except LHT) to the SPARC or TVT procedure at the outpatient clinic
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The patients were blinded to the procedure, but the principle based on the integral theory was briefly explained to them"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No differential loss to follow‐up or differential attrition