Table 1. Distribution of depression caseness, socio-demographic factor, behavioural-related factors, and physical disability at CHARLS Wave 1, by urbanisation groups and gender.
| Men (%) | Women (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | Semi-rural | Urban | Rural | Semi-rural | Urban | |
| Total number of participants | 4176 | 1375 | 1783 | 4739 | 1701 | 1727 |
| Total number of observations for all waves | 10634 | 3380 | 4350 | 11988 | 4202 | 4091 |
| Depression caseness | ||||||
| No | 73.6 | 80.3 | 86.8 | 60.2 | 69.2 | 79.0 |
| Yes | 26.4 | 19.7 | 13.2 | 39.8 | 30.8 | 21.0 |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
| Region | ||||||
| East | 30.1 | 41.3 | 28.9 | 29.7 | 37.6 | 28.4 |
| Central | 29.7 | 25.4 | 28.3 | 29.9 | 25.9 | 26.4 |
| West | 34.5 | 30.8 | 28.0 | 34.5 | 33.7 | 27.9 |
| Northeast | 5.7 | 2.5 | 14.8 | 5.9 | 2.9 | 17.3 |
| Age | ||||||
| <55 | 34.0 | 41.0 | 29.7 | 39.6 | 43.0 | 38.7 |
| 55–64 | 39.1 | 37.2 | 37.4 | 36.5 | 35.2 | 34.7 |
| 65–74 | 19.7 | 17.0 | 23.3 | 17.2 | 15.5 | 19.2 |
| ≥75 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 7.5 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 85.8 | 89.3 | 90.9 | 79.6 | 79.9 | 79.8 |
| Unmarried | 14.3 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 20.5 | 20.1 | 20.2 |
| Education | ||||||
| No formal education | 37.9 | 32.2 | 13.0 | 69.5 | 58.8 | 25.0 |
| Primary | 28.4 | 28.6 | 19.0 | 16.5 | 19.8 | 15.8 |
| Lower secondary | 24.7 | 28.5 | 27.8 | 11.2 | 16.5 | 28.3 |
| Upper secondary or higher | 8.7 | 10.5 | 39.8 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 30.6 |
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Retired | ||||||
| No | 85.6 | 78.2 | 50.9 | 77.3 | 66.4 | 37.7 |
| Yes | 14.1 | 21.2 | 48.4 | 22.5 | 33.0 | 61.5 |
| Missing | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Number of household amenities | ||||||
| 0–2 | 30.4 | 18.8 | 11.8 | 29.3 | 18.9 | 12.5 |
| 3–4 | 37.2 | 30.3 | 29.1 | 37.4 | 30.5 | 29.4 |
| 5–6 | 23.6 | 30.7 | 32.1 | 23.6 | 29.8 | 30.6 |
| ≥7 | 8.5 | 19.5 | 24.6 | 9.0 | 19.8 | 25.1 |
| Missing | 0.4 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 2.3 |
| Behavioural-related factors | ||||||
| Social activities | ||||||
| No | 53.0 | 53.1 | 40.8 | 52.2 | 54.5 | 44.0 |
| Less often | 16.1 | 13.9 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 10.7 |
| Almost every week | 12.2 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 12.5 |
| Almost daily | 18.7 | 20.1 | 29.9 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 33.0 |
| Missing | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| Alcohol drinking frequency | ||||||
| No | 43.9 | 42.6 | 46.4 | 87.9 | 88.8 | 89.0 |
| Yes | 9.5 | 9.0 | 9.0 | |||
| <1/month | 10.5 | 11.2 | 10.8 | |||
| 1-3/month | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.0 | |||
| 1-6/week | 9.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | |||
| 1+/day | 21.9 | 23.9 | 17.4 | |||
| Missing | 7.9 | 6.8 | 9.1 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 23.8 | 25.4 | 31.9 | 91.9 | 90.8 | 93.5 |
| Former/current | 8.2 | 9.2 | 6.5 | |||
| Former | 14.9 | 15.7 | 20.2 | |||
| Current | 61.3 | 58.9 | 48.0 | |||
| Missing | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| BMI | ||||||
| <18.5 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 57.3 | 46.6 | 33.7 | 43.5 | 37.8 | 28.8 |
| 24.0–27.9 | 18.8 | 23.9 | 26.8 | 26.6 | 28.5 | 26.5 |
| ≥28.0 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 10.9 | 14.6 | 12.9 |
| Missing | 11.6 | 16.3 | 27.5 | 11.7 | 15.1 | 29.2 |
| ADL limitations | ||||||
| 0 | 83.4 | 87.7 | 87.9 | 78.2 | 82.8 | 88.5 |
| 1 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 8.1 | 5.5 |
| 2+ | 7.9 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 8.4 | 5.3 |
| Missing | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 |