Table 2. Association between age and depression caseness and its rural-urban difference among men.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Age (centred at 45 years) | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 0.99 (0.96,1.02) | 1.00 (0.97,1.03) | 0.99 (0.96,1.01) |
| Age2 (centred at 45 years) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) |
| Urbanisation | ||||
| Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Semi-urban | 0.74 (0.47,1.16) | 0.83 (0.54,1.28) | 0.86 (0.55,1.32) | 0.86 (0.56,1.31) |
| Urban | 0.46 (0.29,0.73) | 0.67 (0.43,1.06) | 0.68 (0.43,1.06) | 0.63 (0.41,0.99) |
| Region | ||||
| East | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Central | 1.64 (1.40,1.92) | 1.61 (1.38,1.88) | 1.48 (1.27,1.72) | |
| Northeast | 1.11 (0.85,1.43) | 1.14 (0.88,1.73) | 0.98 (0.76,1.26) | |
| West | 1.78 (1.53,2.07) | 1.71 (1.47,1.99) | 1.60 (1.38,1.86) | |
| Education | ||||
| No formal education | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Primary | 0.80 (0.68,0.93) | 0.81 (0.70,0.95) | 0.86 (0.74,1.00) | |
| Lower secondary | 0.68 (0.57,0.80) | 0.71 (0.60,0.84) | 0.78 (0.66,0.91) | |
| Upper secondary & higher | 0.56 (0.45,0.70) | 0.59 (0.47,0.73) | 0.66 (0.53,0.81) | |
| Missing | 0.83 (0.32,2.18) | 0.78 (0.31,2.01) | 0.94 (0.38,2.34) | |
| Retirement | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Yes | 1.40 (1.21,1.61) | 1.35 (1.17,1.55) | 1.13 (0.98,1.30) | |
| Missing | 1.70 (0.94,3.05) | 1.69 (0.95,3.01) | 1.46 (0.81,2.62) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Unmarried | 1.54(1.29,1.84) | 1.55 (1.30,1.84) | 1.58 (1.34,1.87) | |
| Household amenities | ||||
| 0–2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| 3–4 | 0.76 (0.65,0.88) | 0.78 (0.67,0.90) | 0.81 (0.70,0.94) | |
| 5–6 | 0.50 (0.42,0.59) | 0.53 (0.45,0.62) | 0.56 (0.48,0.66) | |
| ≥7 | 0.36 (0.30,0.44) | 0.39 (0.32,0.48) | 0.43 (0.35,0.52) | |
| Missing | 0.70 (0.41,1.20) | 0.70 (0.41,1.19) | 0.68 (0.40,1.15) | |
| Social activity | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Less often | 0.97 (0.84,1.12) | 0.98 (0.85,1.13) | ||
| Almost every week | 0.70 (0.59,0.83) | 0.72 (0.61,0.85) | ||
| Almost daily | 0.68 (0.59,0.79) | 0.72 (0.63,0.83) | ||
| Missing | 1.65 (0.28,9.71) | 1.50 (0.26,8.65) | ||
| Alcohol drinking | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| <1/month | 0.83 (0.69,0.99) | 0.86 (0.72,1.03) | ||
| 1-3/month | 0.88 (0.72,1.07) | 0.88 (0.72,1.08) | ||
| 1-6/week | 0.89 (0.74,1.07) | 0.90 (0.75,1.08) | ||
| ≥1/day | 0.68 (0.59,0.78) | 0.72 (0.63,0.83) | ||
| Missing | 0.66 (0.49,0.89) | 0.66 (0.49,0.89) | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | Ref | Ref | ||
| Former | 1.32 (1.11,1.57) | 1.23 (1.03,1.46) | ||
| Current | 1.26 (1.08,1.47) | 1.26 (1.08,1.46) | ||
| Missing | 1.12 (0.90,1.40) | 1.12 (0.90,1.39) | ||
| BMI | ||||
| >15 & ≤18.5 | 1.45 (1.15,1.83) | 1.41 (1.12,1.76) | ||
| >18.5 & ≤24 | Ref | Ref | ||
| >24 & ≤28 | 0.85 (0.74,0.98) | 0.80 (0.69,0.92) | ||
| >28 | 0.77 (0.61,0.97) | 0.70 (0.55,0.88) | ||
| Missing | 1.05 (0.92,1.21) | 1.00 (0.87,1.15) | ||
| Number of ADLs | ||||
| 0 | Ref | |||
| 1 | 2.75 (2.32,3.26) | |||
| 2+ | 6.44 (5.36,7.74) | |||
| Missing | 0.42 (0.19,0.91) | |||
| Age × Urbanisation | ||||
| Age × semi-urban | 0.97 (0.91,1.03) | 1.02 (0.96,1.09) | 0.98 (0.92,1.04) | 0.98 (0.93,1.04) |
| Age × urban | 0.99 (0.94,1.05) | 0.96 (0.90,1.02) | 0.98 (0.93,1.04) | 1.01 (0.96,1.07) |
| Age2 × semi-urban | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) |
| Age2 × urban | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) |
| Period | ||||
| Wave 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Wave2 | 0.81 (0.65,1.01) | 1.04 (0.80,1.37) | 1.06 (0.84,1.35) | 1.01 (0.80,1.29) |
| Wave3 | 0.89 (0.70,1.14) | 1.13 (0.85,1.52) | 1.15 (0.89,1.47) | 1.12 (0.87,1.43) |
| Age × Period | ||||
| Age×Wave2 | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,1.00) | 0.99 (0.97,1.00) |
| Age×Wave3 | 0.99 (0.98,1.01) | 0.99 (0.97,1.00) | 0.99 (0.97,1.00) | 0.99 (0.97,1.00) |
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Ref: reference category