Figure 3:

Proposed Neuregulin-1 Pathways. The ligand interaction with ErbB 1,3, and 4 increases their affinity and induces heterodimerization of ErbB1–4, activating the tyrosine kinase domain. This allows the cytoplasmic region of the ErbB to become phosphorylated. The phosphorylated tyrosine residues recruit various adaptors/effectors that induce intracellular signals leading to the survival of the cell by lowering apoptosis, inflammation, edema, and ultimately restoring BBB function.