Summary of findings 3. HALOPERIDOL compared to OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation.
| HALOPERIDOL compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation | ||||||
| Patient or population: patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Setting: inpatients. Intervention: HALOPERIDOL Comparison: OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE | HALOPERIDOL | |||||
| Tranquillisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep | Low1 | RR 1.93 (1.04 to 3.60) | 39 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2,3,4 | ||
| 200 per 1000 | 386 per 1000 (208 to 720) | |||||
| Moderate1 | ||||||
| 500 per 1000 | 965 per 1000 (520 to 1000) | |||||
| High1 | ||||||
| 700 per 1000 | 1000 per 1000 (728 to 1000) | |||||
| Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ more that 1 injection | Low1 | RR 1.07 (0.89 to 1.28) | 30 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2,3,4 | ||
| 800 per 1000 | 856 per 1000 (712 to 1000) | |||||
| Moderate1 | ||||||
| 900 per 1000 | 963 per 1000 (801 to 1000) | |||||
| High1 | ||||||
| 990 per 1000 | 1000 per 1000 (881 to 1000) | |||||
| Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury of harm to self or others ‐ not reported | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | ‐ | See comment | No study reported this outcome. |
| Global outcome ‐ not any improvement | Low1 | RR 0.15 (0.05 to 0.49) | 89 (2 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2,3 | ||
| 1000 per 1000 | 150 per 1000 (50 to 490) | |||||
| Moderate1 | ||||||
| 300 per 1000 | 45 per 1000 (15 to 147) | |||||
| High1 | ||||||
| 500 per 1000 | 75 per 1000 (25 to 245) | |||||
| Adverse effects: specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension | Low1 | RR 0.51 (0.01 to 2.60) | 30 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2,3,4 | ||
| 50 per 1000 | 10 per 1000 (0 to 192) | |||||
| Moderate1 | ||||||
| 150 per 1000 | 30 per 1000 (1 to 577) | |||||
| High1 | ||||||
| 250 per 1000 | 50 per 1000 (2 to 962) | |||||
| Adverse effects: specific ‐ central nervous system ‐ seizures | Low1 | RR 0.33 (0.01 to 7.58) | 30 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2,3,4 | ||
| 10 per 1000 | 3 per 1000 (0 to 76) | |||||
| Moderate1 | ||||||
| 50 per 1000 | 17 per 1000 (0 to 379) | |||||
| High1 | ||||||
| 150 per 1000 | 50 per 1000 (1 to 1000) | |||||
| Economic outcome ‐ not reported | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | ‐ | See comment | No study reported this outcome. |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 Control risk ‐ moderate risk roughly equates to that of the control group 2 Risk of bias: rated 'serious' ‐ not explicitly described as randomised, missing data was not imputed using appropriate methods such as LOCF, small study. 3 Imprecision: rated 'serious' ‐ small study. 4 Publication bias: rated 'strongly suspected' ‐ small study (15 participants per group).