Comparison 5. HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: d. LOXAPINE.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep up to 24 hours	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.31 [0.54, 34.48]
2 Specific behaviour: 2. Aggression ‐ various measures	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 no overall improvement	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.1 [0.69, 1.76]
3 Global outcome: 1. General ‐ no change ‐ i. over 24 hours	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 up to 48 hours (CGI‐I, high=worse)	1	56	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.14, 6.15]
3.2 up to 72 hours (CGI‐I, high=worse)	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.04, 3.49]
3.3 at endpoint (CGI‐I, high=worse)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [0.12, 1.32]
4 Global outcome: 2a. Specific ‐ not sedated ‐ i. by 30 minutes	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 at 30 minutes	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.29 [0.65, 2.54]
5 Global outcome: 2b. Specific ‐ not sedated ‐ ii. up to 2 hours	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 at 1 hour	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.5 [0.86, 14.18]
5.2 at 2 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.0 [0.98, 50.16]
6 Mental state: 1. Average scores	1	52	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.10 [4.48, 7.72]
6.1 endpoint score (BPRS, high=worse)	1	52	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.10 [4.48, 7.72]
7 Adverse effects: 1. General	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 one or more drug related adverse effect	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.8 [0.44, 1.45]
8 Adverse effects: 2a. Specific ‐ anticholinergic	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 constipation ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.01, 7.26]
8.2 salivation ‐ too little ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.83 [0.33, 24.66]
8.3 salivation ‐ too little ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.22, 4.05]
8.4 salivation ‐ too much ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.33, 2.69]
8.5 salivation ‐ too much ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.43 [0.04, 4.48]
8.6 salivation ‐ too much ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.57, 1.93]
8.7 polyuria ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]
8.8 sweating ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.15, 5.97]
8.9 sweating ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]
9 Adverse effects: 2b. Specific ‐ arousal level	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 asleep ‐ by 12 hours	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.72, 1.04]
9.2 drowsiness ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.70, 1.12]
9.3 drowsiness ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	33.16 [2.15, 511.57]
9.4 drowsiness during 72 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.20, 2.79]
9.5 insomnia ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.01, 7.26]
9.6 insomnia ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.63 [0.37, 119.59]
10 Adverse effects: 2c. Specific ‐ cardiovascular	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 blood pressure ‐ increased ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.17 [0.01, 3.45]
10.2 dizziness ‐ between 3‐28 days	2	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.09, 1.52]
10.3 dyspnoea ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]
10.4 palpitations during 72 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.58]
10.5 pulse rate ‐ increased ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.01, 6.79]
11 Adverse effects: 2d. Specific ‐ movement disorders	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 akathisia between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.16, 2.02]
11.2 akathisia between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.26, 1.61]
11.3 akathisia between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.18 [0.62, 2.27]
11.4 dysarthria between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.14 [0.01, 2.44]
11.5 dyskinesia between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.01, 6.79]
11.6 dystonia between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.06, 13.93]
11.7 dystonia between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.26, 1.61]
11.8 involuntary movement between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.01, 7.26]
11.9 motor retardation between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.06, 13.93]
11.10 muscle spasms between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.26 [0.33, 4.82]
11.11 oculogyric crisis between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.6 [0.11, 61.11]
11.12 rigidity between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.65, 1.19]
11.13 rigidity between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.13, 5.68]
11.14 rigidity during between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.93, 1.38]
11.15 tremor between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.42, 2.13]
11.16 tremor during between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.71, 1.76]
11.17 tremor between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.6 [0.11, 61.11]
11.18 use of antiparkinson medication	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.83 [0.66, 12.16]
11.19 dystonia during 72 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.0 [0.26, 96.13]
11.20 extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson drugs during 72 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.6 [0.17, 2.07]
11.21 EPS during 72 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.0 [0.98, 50.16]
11.22 thick tongue ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.01, 6.79]
12 Adverse effects: 2e. Specific ‐ miscellaneous	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
12.1 allergy ‐ itch ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]
12.2 allergy ‐ tissue reaction at injection site ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.3 nervousness ‐ between 0‐10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.01, 6.79]
12.4 pain ‐ during 24 hours	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.13, 3.44]
12.5 pain ‐ headache ‐ between 0‐3 days (IM phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.01, 7.26]
12.6 pain ‐ myalgia ‐ between 3‐28 days (Oral phase)	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]
13 Leaving the study early: 1. For general reasons	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 90% CI)	Subtotals only
13.1 by 72 hours	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 90% CI)	0.63 [0.21, 1.85]
13.2 by 10 days	1	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 90% CI)	1.18 [0.67, 2.07]
13.3 by endpoint	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 90% CI)	0.94 [0.42, 2.13]
14 Leaving the study early: 2. Specific reasons	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
14.1 adverse effects by 72 hours	1	35	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.84 [0.12, 65.34]