Wallwiener 1995

Methods	RCT comparing laparoscopic transperitoneal with extraperitoneal colposuspension, using Gore‐Tex sutures or Mesh + staples 2‐12/12 F/U
Participants	22 women with recurrent urinary stress incontinence grade 2‐3, all had prior hysterectomy and at least 1 additional gynae operation Inclusion criteria: flat passive urethral pressure profile (low maximum urethral closure pressure), hypotonic urethra, motoric/sensoric urge component Exclusion criteria: cysto‐ and rectocele or prolapse
Interventions	Group 1 (n = ?): transperitoneal approach Group 2 (n = ?): extraperitoneal approach Using paraurethral Gore‐Tex suture or Mesh stapler fixation All had cystoscopy to exclude bladder lesion and suprapubic catheter for drainage and residuals
Outcomes	Duration of surgery, post‐op bleeding, voiding difficulties, complications Subjective evaluation, urodynamics, post‐op clinical findings, perineal US for control of anatomic correction of bladder neck descent
Notes	Adverse events: 1 bladder lesion, 1 detrusor instability, 1 transient urinary retention 18 participants (92%) subjectively and objectively cured, 1 no improvement, 1 failure Groups too small, F/U too short
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear