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. 2019 Mar 7;4(5):e126742. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.126742

Figure 1. Proglucagon products stimulate insulin secretion through both the Glp1r and Gcgr.

Figure 1

(A) Insulin secretion in response to increasing doses of glucagon in control (Con; MIP-CreERT) or Gcgrβcell–/– islets with or without 1 μM exendin 9–39 (Ex9) (Con, Gcgrβcell–/–, Con + Ex9, Gcgrβcell–/– + Ex9; n = 9, 8, 3, 7). (B) Insulin secretion in response to increasing doses of glucagon from Con or Glp1rβcell–/– islets with or without 10 μg/ml GRA (Con, Con + GRA, Glp1rβcell–/–, Glp1rβcell–/– + GRA; n = 6, 6, 5, 5). (C) Glucagon and total GLP-1 secretion in response to 10 mM glutamine and 1 mM arginine (n = 3). (D) Insulin secretion in response to 10 mM glutamine and 1 mM arginine from Con or Gcgrβcell–/– islets treated with 1 μM Ex9 (n = 6). (E) Insulin secretion in response to 10 mM glutamine and 1 mM arginine from WT or Glp1rβcell–/– islets treated with 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 5). *P < 0.05. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA for the iAUCs (A, B, D, and E) or a 2-tailed Student’s t test (C).