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. 2019 Mar 7;4(5):e126742. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.126742

Figure 5. Proglucagon products set the tone for insulin secretion in human islets.

Figure 5

(A) Insulin secretion from human islets with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA stimulated with 10 mM glutamine or 1 mM arginine (n = 3). (B) Insulin secretion in response to different combinations of 2.7 mM glucose, 10 mM glucose, 1 μM diazoxide (Dz), or Dz with 30 mM KCl, as indicated, from human islets with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 3). (C) Insulin secretion in response to increasing doses of IBMX in human islets with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 3). (D) Insulin secretion from human islets with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 3) stimulated with 10 nM glucagon or 50 nM GIP. (E) Insulin secretion from human islets with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 3) in response to low-glucose conditions. (F) Insulin secretion from human islets in response to increasing glucose concentrations with or without 1 μM Ex9 and 10 μg/ml GRA (n = 3). *P < 0.05. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA of the iAUCs (A, B, D, and F) or a 2-tailed Student’s t test (C).