Table 2.
Association Between Visual Acuity and Non-affective Psychosis
| Best eye | Worst Eye | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Events/PYAR | HR (95% CI) | N (%) | Events/PYAR | HR (95% CI) | |||
| Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |||||
| Uncorrected acuity | ||||||||
| Normal (1.0) | 903227 (79.18) | 8441/22.97 × 106 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 795250 (69.72) | 7138/20.14 × 106 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Mild impairment (<1.0 to >0.5) | 84663 (7.42) | 946/20.27 × 105 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 1.25 (1.16–1.34) | 107476 (9.42) | 1190/25.97 × 105 | 1.27 (1.20–1.35) | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) |
| Moderate impairment (≤0.5 to ≥0.3) | 62678 (5.49) | 609/15.17 × 105 | 1.07 (0.99–1.17) | 1.19 (1.09–1.31) | 86659 (7.60) | 952/21.42 × 105 | 1.24 (1.16–1.33) | 1.34 (1.24–1.44) |
| Severe impairment (<0.3) | 90142 (7.90) | 773/19.48 × 105 | 1.02 (0.94–1.09) | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | 151325 (13.27) | 1489/35.74 × 105 | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 1.38 (1.30–1.47) |
| Corrected acuity | ||||||||
| Normal uncorrected (1.0) | 903227 (79.18) | 8441/22.97 × 106 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 795250 (69.72) | 7138/20.14 × 106 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Corrected to normal (1.0) | 225896 (19.80) | 2123/52.12 × 105 | 1.06 (1.02–1.12) | 1.21 (1.15–1.28) | 290790 (25.49) | 2869/69.38 × 105 | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | 1.30 (1.24–1.36) |
| Imperfectly corrected (<1.0) | 11511 (1.01) | 205/27.75 × 104 | 1.98 (1.72–2.27) | 1.56 (1.33–1.82) | 54670 (4.79) | 762/13.74 × 105 | 1.56 (1.44–1.68) | 1.38 (1.28–1.50) |
Note: PYAR, person-years at risk; HR, hazard ratio.
aAdjusted for age at conscription, calendar year, IQ, socioeconomic status, common mental disorder, parental serious mental illness, alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder.