Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the 11 Studies Included in the Meta-analysis
| Study | No. of Participants (% Female) | Mean Age (SD) | Diagnostic Group | Dx Tool | Mean Duration of Illness in Months (SD) | % Receiving Antipsychotic Meds. | Eyes Open/ Closed | Software | Tesla | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | FEP | HC | FEP | ||||||||
| Alonso-Solis et al29 | 19 (36) | 19 (26) | 25.9 (4.7) | 24.9 (4.7) | FEP | SCID | 3.4 (1.9) | 84% | NR | AFNI–FSL | 3 T |
| Anticevic et al30 | 96 (55) | 28 (57) | 28.8 (10.5) | 25 (9.7) | ec-SCZ, brief PD, SFD | SCID | 4.27 (3.2) | 43% | Closed | FSL | 3 T |
| Duan et al31 | 62 (63) | 68 (47) | 35.2 (8.1) | 36.3 (7.3) | FE-SCZ | SCID | 40 (19) | 94% | NR | SPM8 | 1.5 T |
| Fornito et al32 | 26 (63) | 19 (26) | 26.4 (9.7) | 23.2 (4.3) | FEP-SCZ, BD, DD, PNOS | OPCRIT | <1 year | 53% | Closed | SPM8 | 3 T |
| Guo et al33 | 50 (54) | 49 (39) | 23.5 (2.5) | 22.7 (4.6) | FEP | SCID | 22.5 (6.71) | Antipsychotic naïve | Closed | SPM8, DPARSF, REST | 3 T |
| Li et al34 | 16 (56) | 20 (70) | 22.4 (4.4) | 22.9 (8.5) | FE-SCZ | SCID | 6.4 (13.6) | Antipsychotic naïve | Closed | SPM8 | 3 T |
| Lui et al35 | 68 (54) | 68 (56) | 24.7 (8.8) | 24.2 (8.6) | FE-SCZ | SCID | 8.6 (14.3) | Antipsychotic naïve | Closed | SPM2 | 3 T |
| Penner et al36 | 24 (50) | 24 (13) | 23.8 (4.3) | 23.2 (4.2) | ec-SCZ | SCID | 13.7 (10.9) | 96% | Closed | SPM8 | 3 T |
| Zhang et al37 | 30 (43) | 37 (54) | 15.3 (1.6) | 15.5 (1.8) | FE-SCZ | DSM-IV | 16 (14.4) | Antipsychotic naïve | closed | SPM8 | 3 T |
| Zheng et al38 | 30 (57) | 35 (43) | 15.43 (1.5) | 15.5 (1.8) | FE-SCZ | SCID | 6.6 (6.7) | Antipsychotic naïve | NR | SPM8 | 3 T |
| Zhou et al39 | 17 (29) | 17 (29) | 25.7 (5.6) | 22.9 (6) | FE-SCZ | DSM-IV | <2 years | 76% | Closed | SPM2 | 1.5 T |
Note: HC, healthy controls; FEP, first-episode psychosis; Dx Tool, diagnostic tool; ec-SCZ, early course schizophrenia; brief PD, brief psychotic disorder; SFD, schizophreniform disorder; SCZ, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder; DD, delusional disorder; PNOS, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified; DSM-IV, diagnostic statistical manual; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM; OPCRIT, Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness and Affective Illness; NR, not reported.