Martin 2002.

Methods	Design: randomized controlled trial Withdrawals: none Setting: single centre (USA) Sample size: 90
Participants	Age (mean): 6% Hetastarch in normal saline 58, 6% Hetastarch in balanced saline 59, lactated Ringer’s solution 58 Gender (M/F): not described ASA grade: I to III Surgery type: major elective non‐cardiac surgery with anticipated blood loss of 500 mL Surgery duration (mean): not described Anaesthesia type: general
Interventions	Three arms, only 2 of which are included (60 participants) 30 patients were enrolled into the buffered (Hextend) arm; and 30 into the non‐buffered arm (Hespan). Trial fluids were given according to a protocol, to ensure adequate volume during the operation. In addition, each arm was given a maintenance dose of lactated Ringer's solution (a buffered fluid).
Outcomes	TEG data measured before induction, at end of surgical procedure, and 24 hours postoperatively
Notes	These are the same participant data as in Moretti 2003, but different outcomes are reported. Funding source: supported in part by a grant from BioTime, Inc. Declarations of interest: none disclosed
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated sequence
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded to participants, trial conductors and assessors
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded to participants, trial conductors and assessors
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	One participant in each group fell out ‐ 1 did not need study fluid, the other had surgery rescheduled.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selection bias. All proposed outcome measures adequately reported. Analysis completed on an intention‐to‐treat basis
Other bias	Unclear risk	Study was funded in part by BioTime Inc., which manufactures Hextend.