Kalman 2011.
Methods | Double‐blind parallel‐group placebo‐controlled randomised clinical trial Study period: June 2005 to April 2010 |
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Participants | N = 143 Participants were in recovery from alcohol problems and were recruited from a residential substance abuse treatment programme and from the community. Inclusion criteria: smoked ≥ 10 cigarettes/d, history of alcohol abuse or dependence, and between 2 and 12 months of abstinence from alcohol Exclusion criteria: older than age 70; diagnosis of schizophrenia; current psychotic episode; cardiac problems in the past 3 months; uncontrolled hypertension; history of seizure; history of head injury with neurological sequelae or prolonged loss of consciousness; and use of medications that lower the seizure threshold |
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Interventions | Bupropion + nicotine patch (n = 73) Placebo + nicotine patch (n = 70) Participants were taking study medication for 8 weeks. They began study medication (bupropion 150 mg SR tablets or placebo) 1 week before their quit day. Participants were instructed to take 1 tabletd for 3 days, then one 150‐mg tablet twice per day for the remainder of the treatment phase of the study. All participants received a nicotine patch for 7 weeks, starting 1 week after starting study medication on their quit day. They received a 21‐mg patch for 4 weeks, a 14‐mg patch for 2 weeks, and a 7‐mg patch for 1 week. |
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Outcomes | Outcomes: 7‐day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 7 (end of treatment), week 11, and week 24. At week 7, smoking abstinence was defined via self‐report (complete abstinence during the 7 days before the time of assessment) and biochemical verification (CO reading < 8 ppm). At week 11 and week 24, smoking abstinence was defined via self‐report and biochemical verification (salivary cotinine levels ≤ 15 ng/mL) | |
Funding source | Study was sponsored through personal funding by David Kalman: NIDA R01‐DA11713‐01; Peter Monti: NIAAA K05 Senior Scientist Award; and Marc Mooney: NIDA K01‐DA‐019446. NIDA and NIAAA had no further role in study design; in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. | |
Declaration of interest | No conflicts were declared. None of the review authors have any connection with the tobacco, alcohol, pharmaceutical, or gaming industries or with any body substantially funded by 1 of these organizations. | |
Notes | Analysis of pharmacogenetics was reported in McGeary 2012. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Urn randomisation with 4 variables was used to allocate participants. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Randomisation was based on 4 variables. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Active and placebo medications were identical in appearance. No further details are presented. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Outcome of the study was objective. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | Excluded from analysis participants who did not receive the study medication; no ITT analysis was performed. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Weeks of abstinence assessment are different from those listed on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00304707). |
Other bias | Unclear risk | Additional analyses of pharmacogenetics were conducted in a subset of the original randomised trial population in McGeary 2012, but comparability of baseline characteristics between treatment groups is unclear. |