Huang 2002.

Methods	Design: RCT Study period: September 2000‐January 2001 Questionnaires and observations done at baseline and at 4 months post‐intervention China
Participants	Nurses throughout a hospital
Interventions	Education, mainly universal precautions
Outcomes	% of nurses washing hands before and after patient contact Also evaluated knowledge scores, prevalence of Hepatitis B immunisation, self‐reported behaviours related to blood‐borne pathogens and universal precautions, self‐reported needlestick and sharps injury, and observed behaviours related to handling used needles.
Notes	Intervention successful after 4 months Appropriate analysis Funding source: No information given Declaration of Interest: No information given
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not specified how were randomly selected to participate nor randomly allocated to group
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation was done at the start of the study but method was not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Education and questionnaire were very specific so participants aware of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Researchers did not specify if observers were blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	98% follow‐up achieved in both groups Missing data (missed opportunities) unlikely to be different in both arms
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence
Baseline outcomes	Low risk	Similar at baseline
Baseline characteristics	Low risk	Similar at baseline
Protection from contamination	Unclear risk	Participants worked in same institution so may have communicated with each other