Moghnieh 2016.

Methods	Non‐randomised trial in 1 hospital Study period: November 2015‐March 2016 Lebanon
Participants	Nurses
Interventions	Incentives in 1 intervention arm, and audit feedback in separate intervention arm vs education in control group
Outcomes	Observed hand hygiene compliance
Notes	Funding source: Not stated Declaration of interest: Not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Non‐random allocation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Allocation was done at the start of the study but method was not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not possible to blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Auditors were blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data (missed opportunities) unlikely to be very different in different arms Similar loss to follow‐up in both groups
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence
Baseline outcomes	Low risk	Similar baseline hand hygiene compliance
Baseline characteristics	Unclear risk	Reported as similar but no supporting data provided
Protection from contamination	Unclear risk	Unclear if staff moved from unit to unit and would have been aware of feedback