Talbot 2013.

Methods	Design: ITS Study period: Baseline: 2004 ‐ 2009; Programme launch over 12‐month period (late 2009 ‐ late 2010); active accountability phase from late 2010 to fall 2012 USA
Participants	Healthcare workers in 1 centre
Interventions	Leadership goal‐setting, financial incentives for centre, expanded hand hygiene observation programme including feedback to individuals, system‐wide marketing campaign
Outcomes	Observed hand hygiene compliance
Notes	Appropriate analysis for ITS Funding source: None Declaration of interest: None
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Leaders were involved so participants were aware of the intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Observers were not blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data (missed opportunities) unlikely to be very different in various study periods
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence
Intervention independent	Unclear risk	They did not report whether or not there were other campaigns, outbreaks etc
Shape of effect pre‐specified	Low risk	Point of analysis is point of intervention
Intervention had no effect on data collection	Low risk	Same data collection before and after the intervention