Vernaz 2008.

Methods	Design: ITS Study period: February 2000 ‐ September 2006; VigiGerme® campaign occurred in spring 2003 and the Clean Care is Safer Care occurred in autumn 2005 University of Geneva Hospital Centre (2200 bed primary and tertiary care centre), Switzerland
Participants	Healthcare workers throughout hospital
Interventions	Social marketing campaign (VigiGerme®) aimed at Standard Precautions in 2003 and Clean Care is Safer Care campaign in 2005. The campaigns were not described but were based on the Geneva campaign model which included the five components recommended in the WHO Guidelines 2009
Outcomes	Volume of hand hygiene products (litres per 100 patient‐days) Also measured new MRSA isolates per 100 patient‐days, newC. difficile isolates per 100 patient‐days, defined daily dose of antibiotics per 100 patient‐days
Notes	Analysis appropriate for ITS Funding source: None Declaration of interest: None
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Pocket‐sized ABHR given so participants aware of the intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Objective measure used
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data (missed opportunities) unlikely to be different in different time periods
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selective reporting
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence
Intervention independent	High risk	Multiple interventions occurred over the 7‐year period including 2 infection control programmes, so very likely there were confounding factors
Shape of effect pre‐specified	Low risk	Point of analysis same as point of intervention
Intervention had no effect on data collection	Low risk	Same data collection method before and after the intervention