Morimoto 2002

Methods	RCT
Participants	Country: Japan N = 60 (enrolled) ASA: I/II Gender: Male/Female 21/25 Age: 18‐70 yr Operation: not specified Duration of anaesthesia: 284±85; 256±172
Interventions	Sevoflurane guided by BIS (A 1050, version 3.4), BIS value of 40‐60 during maintenance and 60‐75 at the end, Cn = 21 Sevoflurane guided by clinical signs (heart rate and blood pressure), Cn = 25
Outcomes	‐Anaesthetic ‐ sevoflurane consumption (ml‐1) ‐Fentanyl required ‐Vecuronium required ‐Time to open eyes on verbal command ‐Time to extubate ‐Time to discharge from the recovery room
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	14 subjects were excluded: 11 subjects excluded because surgery was either longer than 6 hrs or shorter than 2 hours, and 3 patients excluded because of mechanical dysfunction of BIS.How these missing data affect on the result is unclear
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All expected outcomes were reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	The unblinded anaesthesiologist could potentially lead to 'learning contamination bias'
Blinding of patients?	Low risk	Patients were anaesthetized
Blinding of anaesthesiologists?	High risk	It was unlikely to blind the anaesthesiologists from the assignment groups because they had to adjust the anaesthetic according to the target BIS values in the BIS group
Blinding of outcome assessors?	Unclear risk	Insufficient information