1 Diabetes‐related distress (with types of settings subgroup) |
4 |
1030 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.16 [‐0.47, 0.15] |
1.1 Community‐based studies |
2 |
791 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.19 [‐0.35, ‐0.04] |
1.2 Hospital‐based studies |
2 |
239 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.11 [‐1.13, 0.90] |
2 Diabetes‐related distress (with age subgroup) |
4 |
1030 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.16 [‐0.47, 0.15] |
2.1 Age < 60 years |
3 |
903 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.04 [‐0.35, 0.27] |
2.2 Age ≥ 60 years |
1 |
127 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.63 [‐0.98, ‐0.27] |
3 Health‐related quality of life |
2 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
3.1 Hospital‐based studies |
2 |
239 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [‐0.69, 1.12] |
4 Adverse events |
1 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
5 Self‐efficacy |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
Totals not selected |
5.1 Community‐based studies |
1 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
6 HbA1c (with types of settings subgroup) |
4 |
1030 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.29 [‐0.72, 0.14] |
6.1 Community‐based studies |
2 |
791 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.44 [‐1.15, 0.26] |
6.2 Hospital‐based studies |
2 |
239 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.05 [‐0.33, 0.23] |
7 HbA1c (with age subgroup) |
4 |
1030 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.29 [‐0.72, 0.14] |
7.1 Age < 60 years |
3 |
903 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.41 [‐0.92, 0.11] |
7.2 Age ≥ 60 years |
1 |
127 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.30, 0.34] |
8 Systolic blood pressure (with types of settings subgroup) |
3 |
638 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.09 [‐2.78, 2.61] |
8.1 Community‐based studies |
1 |
399 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.20 [‐3.40, 3.80] |
8.2 Hospital‐based study |
2 |
239 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.45 [‐4.51, 3.61] |
9 Diastolic blood pressure (with types of settings subgroup) |
3 |
638 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐1.49, 1.54] |
9.1 Community‐based studies |
1 |
399 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.60 [‐1.34, 2.54] |
9.2 Hospital‐based study |
2 |
239 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.87 [‐3.31, 1.56] |