Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	Diabetes Quality of Life (specific)	4 subscales: satisfaction (SA) subscale (15 items), general health and impact of treatment (GT) subscale (20 items), future effects of diabetes (FE) subscale (4 items), and social effects (SE) subscale (7 items).	Yes	5‐point Likert scale. A score of 1 represents no impact or worries and always satisfied. A score of 5 represents always affected, worried, or never satisfied.	Yields a total score (tDQOL) with plus 5 subscale scores. Scores are converted to a 100‐point scale	Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 100	No	Higher values mean higher quality of life
Beverly 2013	tDQOL (SD): all: 67.4 (11.4); intervention: 67.9 (10.6); control: 66.9 (12.1)
Weinger 2011	Baseline total score (SD): Type 2 diabetes: 69.6 (10.0) Structured behavioural: 67.1 (10.4) Attention control: 66.6 (10.4) Individual control: 67.8 (11.3)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	WHOQOL‐BREF (generic)	Two overall dimensions and four subscales for physical (7 items), psychological (6 items), social (3 items), and environmental (8 items)	Yes	5‐point Likert scales	2 overall scores and 4 subscale scores	Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 100 The mean score of items within each domain is used to calculate the domain score. Mean scores are then transformed to a 0‐100 scale	No	Higher scores denote higher quality of life
Davies 2008	The groups did not differ significantly in any of the scores for 6 dimensions of quality of life. The results of the analyses are available at www.leicestershirediabetes.org.uk.
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	EQ‐5D (generic)	Consists of a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a descriptive system covering 5 dimensions: mobility (3 items), self‐care (3 items), usual activity (3 items), pain/discomfort (3 items), anxiety and depression (3 items) (utility).	Yes	3 levels (no problem, some problem, extreme problems)	Converted into a single summary index by applying a formula that essentially attaches values (also called weights) to each of the levels in each dimension. The index can be calculated by deducting the appropriate weights from 1, the value for full health (i.e. state 11111)	VAS scores Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 100 Utility scores Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 1	Yes	Higher scores denote better state of health
Dennick 2015	VAS (SD): intervention‐baseline: 80.9 (4.0); control‐baseline: 79.1 (4.0); intervention‐follow‐up: 77.4 (2.8); control‐follow‐up: 82.1 (3.0) Utility (SD): intervention‐baseline: 0.86 (0.03); control‐baseline: 0.92 (0.03); intervention‐follow‐up: 0.86 (0.03); control‐follow‐up: 0.87 (0.03)
Simmons 2015	Baseline (SD): Control: 0.77 (0.27) 1:1 : 0.75 (0.30) Group: 0.76 (0.26) Combined: 0.76 (0.27)
Hermanns 2015	EQ‐5D (health‐related quality of life) intervention‐baseline (control‐baseline) (SD): 0.86 (0.88) intervention‐follow‐up (control‐follow up) (SD): 0.85 (0.86)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	36‐item Short Form health survey (SF‐36) (generic)	Physical functioning (PF) (10 items) Role‐physical (RP) (4 items) Bodily pain (BP) (2 items) General health (GH) (5 items) Vitality (VT) (4 items) Social functioning (SF) (2 items) Role‐emotional (RE) (3 items) Mental health (MH) (5 items) Reported health transition (RHT) (1 item)	Yes	3, 5 and 6‐point Likert‐scale	Scores for dimensions Physical component summary (PCS‐36) Mental component summary (MCS‐36)	Minimum scores: 0 scores for dimensions/PCS‐36/MCS‐36: norm‐based scale Maximum scores: 100 scores for dimensions/PCS‐36/MCS‐36: norm‐based scale	No	Higher score means better health‐related quality of life
D'Eramo Melkus 2010	PF (SD): control: 67 (29); intervention: 66 (28) RP (SD): control: 63 (41); intervention: 57 (45) BP (SD): control: 57 (29); intervention: 56 (26) GH (SD): control: 58 (20); intervention:56 (21) VT (SD): control: 50 (21); intervention: 49 (21) SF (SD): control: 66 (28); intervention: 72 (27) RE (SD): control: 60 (43); intervention: 61 (43) MH (SD): control: 64 (23); intervention: 65 (22)
Shibayama 2007	PF: control: 90 (85–95); intervention: 90 (80–95) RP: control: 100 (100–100); intervention: 100 (75–100) BP: control: 84 (62–100); intervention: 74 (52–100) GH: control: 57 (47–72); intervention: 57 (47–67) VT: control: 75 (60–90); intervention: 70 (50–85) SF: control: 100 (88–100); intervention: 100 (75–100) RE: control: 100 (100–100); intervention: 100 (67–100) MH: control: 88 (68–92); intervention: 76 (64–88)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	12‐item Short Form health survey (SF‐12) (generic)	2 dimensions: physical and mental health	Yes	2, 3, 5 and 6‐point Likert‐scale	Scores for dimensions Physical component summary (PCS‐12) Mental component summary (MCS‐12)	Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 100	Weighted and summed scales for physical and mental health	Higher score means higher level of health
Hermanns 2012	PCS‐12 (SD): baseline‐control: 40.9 (10.3); baseline‐intervention: 39.1 (10.4); endpoint‐control: 41.4 (10.3):; endpoint‐intervention: 41.2 (10.7) MCS‐12 (SD): baseline‐control: 52.0 (9.7); baseline‐intervention: 51.4 (9.0); endpoint‐control: 51.6 (10.5); endpoint‐intervention: 50.1 (10.1)
Pibernik‐Okanovic 2015	SF‐12v2 Baseline: PCS‐12 (SD): psychoeducation: 42.3 (8.7); physical exercise: 43.1 (8.8); re‐education: 42.7 (9.1) 0.871 MCS‐12 (SD): psychoeducation: 41.9 (7.4); physical exercise: 41.7 (8.3); re‐education: 41.2 (7.2) 0.872
Van Dijk‐de Vries 2015	Baseline mean score: Intervention group (SD): SF‐12 physical component: 34.8 (9.6); SF‐12 mental component: 34.1 (11.3) Control group (SD): SF‐12 physical component: 35.0 (9.8); SF‐12 mental component: 35.2 (11.2)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	Audit of diabetes dependent quality of life (ADDQoL) (specific)	Two overview items that assess the global QOL and the impact of diabetes on quality of life and 13 domain‐specific items	Yes	7‐point Likert‐scale of the two overview items and condition‐specific domains, and 4‐point Likert‐scale on the important of the item	Mean score for applicable domains are summed and divided by the number of applicable domains to give a final score	Minimum score: — 9 Maximum score: + 9	A weighted impact score is computed	More negative scores indicating poorer quality of life from diabetes
Gabbay 2013	Baseline (SD): control: –0.88 (3.32); intervention: –1.15 (3.33). Scores did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at the end of the study.
Liu 2015	Baseline (SD): control: –2.52 (0.9); intervention: –2.53 (0.8) Follow‐up (SD): control: –2.50 (0.7); intervention: –1.98 (0.8)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	Diabetes Symptom Checklist ‐ Revised (DSC‐R) (specific)	8 dimensions (34 items): hyperglycaemia (HE), hypoglycaemia (HO), neuropathic pain (NP), sensibility (SS), fatigue (FG), cognitive distress (CD), cardiovascular symptoms (CS) and ophthalmological symptoms (OS)	Yes	5‐point Likert scales. A score of 1 represents 'not at all'. A score of 5 represents 'extremely'.	A total score (TS) and subscores for the 8 dimensions	Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 10	No	With 0 being most favourable outcome
Lamers 2011	Baseline TS (SD): usual care: 2.8 (1.6); intervention: 2.9 (1.6) Hyperglycaemic (SD): usual care: 3 (2.8); intervention: 3.4 (2.5) Hypoglycaemic (SD): usual care: 2.3 (2.1); intervention: 2.3 (2.1) Polyneuropathic pain (SD): usual care: 2.3 (2.5); intervention: 2.1 (2.5) Polyneuropathic sensory (SD): usual care: 2.4 (2.4); intervention: 2.4 (2.5) Psychological fatigue (SD): usual care: 5.3 (2.3); intervention: 5.1 (2.4) Cognitive stress (SD): usual care: 3.2 (2.4); intervention: 3.0 (2.3) Cardiovascular (SD): usual care: 2.4 (2.1); intervention: 2.6 (2.0) Ophthalmological symptoms (SD): usual care: 2.0 (2.3); intervention: 2.1 (1.9)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	Diabetes‐related Quality of Life	24‐item instrument has two subscales measuring quality of life in two domains: mental (MWB) (9 items) and social well‐being (SWB) (9 items); and a physical symptom index (6 items)	Yes	4‐point Likert scale	Mean score for SWB and MWB	Minimum score: 1 Maximum score: 4	No	Higher scores mean better quality of life
Skelly 2009	Intervention (SD): SWB: 3.41 (0.57); MWB: 2.67 (0.60) Intervention with booster SWB (SD): 3.25 (0.66); MWB (SD): 2.55 (0.69) Weight and diet SWB (SD): 3.17 (0.71); MWB (SD): 2.56 (0.77)
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	12‐item Well‐Being Questionnaire (WBQ‐12) (generic)	3 subscales to measure energy (4 items), positive well‐being (4 items), and negative well‐being (4 items)	Yes	4‐point Likert scale. Score 0 represent 'not at all' and 3 means 'all the time'.	Total and sum subscales score	Total scores Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 36 Subscale scores Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 12	No	Higher scores mean better quality of life
Taylor 2006	Pre‐test/Post‐test Wait‐list: 22.88/23.08 CBT: 20.61/21.65 Expressive writing: 21.43/23.75
	Instrument	Dimensions (subscales, no. of items)	Validated instrument	Answer options	Scores	Minimum score Maximum score	Weighting of scores	Direction of scales
	WHO (Five) Well‐being Index	3 dimensions: positive mood (good spirits, relaxation), vitality (being active and waking up fresh and rested), and general interest (being interested in things)	Yes	6‐point Likert scale	Total score. Total the 5 answers 0 to 25 and multiply by 4.	Minimum score: 0 Maximum score: 100	No	Higher scores mean better well‐being
Hermanns 2015	Intervention group: baseline: 8.5; follow‐up: 3.9 Control group: baseline: 9.6; follow‐up: 8.8
Van der Wulp 2012	Intervention group (SD): T0: 62.58 (22.18); T1: 67.06 (18.82); T2: 69.14 (19.27) Control group (SD): T0: 60.13 (20.74); T1: 64.11 (18.10); T2: 64.40 (21.86)
WHO: WHO World Health Organization