Newman 1997.

Methods	RCT, 2 arm trial.
Participants	58 women. South Carolina, USA. Inclusion criteria: women with diabetes at term or women with prolonged pregnancy (> 42 weeks) requiring induction, Bishop score < 7.
Interventions	Intervention group: 2 mg intravaginal PGE₂ after reassuring NST, then continuous fetal monitoring for 3 h. Women were admitted if labour started or cervix favourable. Treatment repeated after 24 h and 48 h and admitted after third dose. Comparison group: expectant management with weekly assessment of AFI and NST. Admission in labour or if signs of fetal distress. IOL at 44 weeks.
Outcomes	Spontaneous labour within 48 h, uterine hyperstimulation, CS.
Notes	Results reported in brief abstract.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Described as "prospectively randomised".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Women	High risk	Not feasible.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Clinical staff	High risk	Not feasible.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Outcome assessor	Unclear risk	Outcomes assessors not mentioned in brief abstract.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Little information. No loss to follow up apparent.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Trial reported only in brief abstract so unable to assess this bias domain.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Trial reported only in brief abstract so unable to assess this bias domain.