Oguz 2013.
| Methods | Randomized trial of HME and HH. |
| Participants | 35 mechanically ventilated participants from the first day of intubation, did not have preintubation pneumonia, no infections or antibiotics for pulmonary infections or evidence of infiltration with chest radiography in a private hospital ICU in Turkey. |
| Interventions | 18 participants randomized to HME and 17 participants to HH. |
| Outcomes | Pneumonia ‐ presence of infiltrate over 7 days. |
| Notes | Infiltrate identified in 6 participants in HME group and 5 participants in HH group. |
HH: heated humidifier; HME: heat and moisture exchange; ICU: intensive care unit; PaCO2: arterial pressure of carbon dioxide; VAP: ventilator‐associated pneumonia.