Table 2. Unadjusted Associations with Smokeless Tobacco Initiation Among Baseline Never Users.

	Smokeless Tobacco Use Between Baseline and Follow-up
	Consistent Never1 (N=288)5	Initiation2 (N=43)5	Percent Initiation3	p-value4
Characteristic
Age in years, mean (SD)	15.5 (1.1)	15.5 (1.2)	-	0.83
Baseline perceived ST harm, median (IQR)	90 (74 – 100)	77 (61 – 91)	-	0.004
Follow-up perceived ST harm, median (IQR)	88 (72 – 100)	64 (47 – 82)	-	<0.001
Grade in school, n				0.89
9th	107	17	14%
10th	89	11	11%
11th	64	10	14%
12th	27	5	16%
Race/ethnicity, n				0.37
Non-Hispanic White	126	23	15%
Hispanic/Latino	125	17	12%
Other	37	3	8%
Parental education, n				0.34
Neither parent with college degree	114	15	12%
≥1 parent with college degree	153	28	15%
Ever use, n
Cigarettes				0.81
Never	264	40	13%
Ever	23	3	12%
E-Cigarettes				0.78
Never	233	34	13%
Ever	55	9	14%
Cigars				0.037*
Never	259	34	12%
Ever	29	9	24%
Hookah				0.002
Never	252	30	11%
Ever	36	13	27%
Any non-ST Tobacco				0.018
Never	205	23	10%
Ever	82	20	20%
Alcohol				0.024*
Never	149	15	9%
Ever	125	27	18%
Any family ST use, n				0.35
No	184	23	11%
Yes	67	12	15%
Advertising receptivity, n				0.32
No	231	33	13%
Yes	42	9	18%
Tobacco warning labels, n				0.15
Less than sometimes	130	15	10%
See sometimes or more	143	27	16%
Friends who use ST, n				0.002
None	119	7	6%
Few or some	126	32	20%
Half or most	20	3	13%
ST Expectation, n				<0.001
No	214	18	8%
Yes	70	25	26%
ST Willingness, n				<0.001
No	204	17	8%
Yes	80	26	25%
ST Susceptibility, n				<0.001
No	193	15	7%
Yes	91	28	24%

^1.Reporting ST never use at both baseline and follow-up

^2.Converting from ST never use (baseline) to ST ever use (follow-up)

^3.Incidence of new ST use at follow-up among all baseline never users in the category (only applicable for categorical variables)

^4.Chi-square test (categorical variables), T-test (age), or Mann-Whitney U-test (ST harm score) for difference between smokeless tobacco initiators and non-initiators

^5.Number of observations for some variables may add to less than the total due to missing data

Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation; ST = smokeless tobacco

^*No longer statistically significant under the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple hypothesis tests