. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Addict Behav. 2019 Mar 14;33(3):297–303. doi: 10.1037/adb0000455

Table 3.

Alcohol outcomes predicted by normative misperceptions based on general and important peer referents (n=1313)

Heavy drinking frequency
	T1 Crude			T1 Adjusted			T2 Crude			T2 Adjusted
	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p
Misperceptions based on same-gender general peer
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Overestimate	0.53	0.21	0.01	0.76	0.21	<.001	0.44	0.19	0.02	0.63	0.19	<.01
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.28	0.39	0.48	−0.59	0.38	0.13	0.21	0.36	0.57	0.05	0.36	0.89
Overestimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.81	0.35	0.02	−1.35	0.35	<.001	−0.23	0.32	0.47	−0.59	0.33	0.07
Misperceptions based on important peers
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Overestimate	1.24	0.17	<.001	1.09	0.17	<.001	0.58	0.16	<.001	0.49	0.17	<.01
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.63	0.19	<.01	−0.69	0.19	<.001	0.09	0.19	0.64	0.04	0.19	0.81
Overestimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−1.86	0.17	<.001	−1.77	0.17	<.001	−0.49	0.17	<.01	−0.45	0.17	<.01
Heavy drinking intentions
	T1 Crude			T1 Adjusted			T2 Crude			T2 Adjusted
	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p	b	SE	p
Misperceptions based on same-gender general peer
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Overestimate	0.28	0.08	<.01	0.35	0.08	<.001	0.06	0.08	0.45	0.14	0.08	0.09
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.04	0.15	0.78	−0.15	0.15	0.31	−0.04	0.16	0.80	−0.13	0.16	0.42
Overestimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.32	0.13	0.02	−0.50	0.13	<.001	0.10	0.14	0.46	−0.27	0.14	0.06
Misperceptions based on important peers
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Overestimate	0.51	0.06	<.001	0.47	0.07	<.001	0.33	0.07	<.001	0.31	0.07	<.001
Accurately estimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.003	0.07	0.97	0.001	0.07	0.99	0.10	0.08	0.21	0.10	0.08	0.23
Overestimate (ref) v. Underestimate	−0.52	0.07	<.001	−0.47	0.07	<.001	−0.23	0.07	<.01	−0.21	0.07	<.01

Adjusted effects account for demographic covariates (age, gender, race, ethnicity), membership on a varsity athletic team, residence in a substance free dorm, receipt of financial aid, identification as a first-generation student, and intervention status. Models with adjusted effects for important peers also control for misperceptions of general students’ heavy drinking and total network size.