Table 1. Plasma amino acid concentrations of calves with diarrhea.

Amino acids	Abbreviations	Control (n=12)	Normoaminoacidemia (n=25)	Hypoaminoacidemia (n=6)
Total amino acid	TAA	2,642.0 ± 282.1a)	2,564.7 ± 298.5**	1,936.4 ± 151.3c)**
Essential amino acid	EAA	1,253.0 ± 182.1a)	1,122.3 ± 212.2*	885.5 ± 67.7c)*
Non-essential amino acid	NEAA	1,335.7 ± 236.8a)	1,392.6 ± 230.5**	1,009.0 ± 139.8b)**
Glucogenic amino acid	GAA	2,101.0 ± 270.7a)	2,022.4 ± 266.1**	1,512.3 ± 158.7c)**
Ketogenic amino acid	KAA	286.6 ± 62.0a)	294.9 ± 59.5*	220.6 ± 18.6b)*
Branched-chain amino acid	BCAA	488.6 ± 102.4a)	445.8 ± 101.9	363.8 ± 45.9b)
Alanine	Ala	270.9 ± 100.2	300.9 ± 64.5*	209.5 ± 63.3*
Cystine	Cys-Cys	9.06 ± 2.83a)	0.20 ± 0.00c)**	0.21 ± 0.01c)**
Aspartic acid	Asp	10.2 ± 2.8a)	15.5 ± 4.8c)**	7.9 ± 2.8**
Glutamic acid	Glu	94.1 ± 30.5a)	131.5 ± 48.6b)	88.9 ± 43.8
Phenylalanine	Phe	63.3 ± 8.0a)	64.2 ± 10.8*	53.9 ± 3.9b)*
Glycine	Gly	294.3 ± 85.9	355.6 ± 147.2	284.6 ± 63.8
Histidine	His	110.9 ± 42.4a)	65.5 ± 38.0b)	58.8 ± 12.2b)
Isoleucine	Ile	104.1 ± 19.4a)	96.2 ± 21.8*	74.2 ± 10.6c)*
Lysine	Lys	134.8 ± 53.7	156.9 ± 39.2*	109.6 ± 14.6*
Leucine	Leu	151.9 ± 31.9a)	138.0 ± 30.8	111.0 ± 10.8b)
Methionine	Met	53.1 ± 33.4a)	32.8 ± 9.4b)	25.3 ± 7.0b)
Asparagine	Asn	78.5 ± 12.8a)	74.4 ± 31.4*	46.6 ± 15.3c)*
Proline	Pro	165.8 ± 30.3a)	146.9 ± 39.5**	94.9 ± 20.1c)**
Glutamine	Gln	258.0 ± 47.5a)	184.9 ± 59.3c)	158.3 ± 57.9c)
Arginine	Arg	184.6 ± 42.4a)	131.8 ± 42.8c)	126.9 ± 37.1b)
Serine	Ser	154.9 ± 26.1a)	182.8 ± 66.1**	118.0 ± 13.2b) **
Threonine	Thr	184.1 ± 71.4a)	188.1 ± 82.2	113.8 ± 15.1c)
Valine	Val	232.6 ± 57.0	211.7 ± 59.7	178.5 ± 27.9
Tryptophan	Trp	33.6 ± 5.7	37.1 ± 10.5	33.4 ± 5.6
Tyrosine	Tyr	53.3 ± 10.2	49.8 ± 21.9	41.9 ± 10.2

Mean ± SD, Units: nM. Control vs. normoaminoacidemia or hypoaminoacidemia a–b: P<0.05, a–c: P<0.01 by Steel-Dwass test. Normoaminoacidemia vs. hypoaminoacidemia *: P<0.05, **: P<0.01 by Steel-Dwass test. The lower limit of detection for plasma cystine concentrations is 0.20 nM. Thus, the cut-off value for plasma cystine concentrations was set to 0.20 nM.