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. 2019 Apr 25;9:6526. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42835-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Description of different responses in habitat selection patterns of adult wolves towards human-related landscape features expected under different degrees of natal experience with humans. The negative dashed grey line describes cases where individuals that had negative experience with high level of human activities during their natal phase would avoid humans later in life. The positive black solid line describes cases where individuals that had extensive experience with humans during their natal phase would become less shy towards humans and select areas closer to humans later in life (consistent with NHPI). The horizontal dashed black line describes cases where avoidance of human features is relatively high and independent of experience with humans. All figures were made by the authors.