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. 2019 Apr 25;9:6523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43002-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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V2R modulates ciliary length and function. (a) Representative western blot image of scrambled control (Ctrl) and V2R-knockdown (KD) cells with vehicle (control), vasopressin (10 μM) and tolvaptan (0.1 μM) treatments. (b) Normalized V2R expression level is shown. Changes in ciliary length are observed from the phase contrast (side view, c) and immunostaining (top view, d) images. (e) Ciliary lengths are averaged. (f) Time-lapse images represent intracellular calcium level in response to fluid-shear stress. Color bar indicates intracellular calcium level from low (black) to high (red). Averaged intracellular calcium levels are plotted across time in second (s). Arrows indicate the start of fluid-shear stress. Corresponding brightfield images are shown in Supplementary Fig. S2. N = 3 experiments for each group. For each N, a minimum of 50 cells were analyzed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, and ***P < 0.0001 compared to the corresponding control groups.