Skip to main content
. 2019 Feb 20;294(16):6283–6293. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.007188

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Exogenous ATP impairs T cell migration and activation by monocytes. A and B, exogenous ATP impairs T cell migration. CD4 effector T cells were seeded onto fibronectin-coated glass-bottom dishes, and spontaneous cell migration was recorded for 30 min in the presence or absence of ATP or the nonhydrolysable ATP analog ATPγS using live-cell time-lapse microscopy. Migration paths of single cells were analyzed to determine migration speed (A) and the proportion of cells that maintained cell migration without interruption (B). Data are means ± S.D. (error bars) of n ≥ 3 (ATP) or n = 2 (ATPγS) experiments, each comprising at least 20 analyzed cells. * and #, p < 0.05 versus untreated control, one-way ANOVA. C and D, exogenous ATP impairs IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. PBMCs were treated with the indicated concentrations of ATP or ATPγS and stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies, and IL-2 production (C) and CD4 T cell proliferation (D) were analyzed after 18 h and 3 days, respectively. Data represent mean values ± S.D., n = 3–6. * and #, p < 0.05 versus control, one-way ANOVA.