Effects of S1QELs on specific binding of [125I]AzQ to the 49-kDa subunit. The photoaffinity labeling of the 49-kDa subunit in intact complex I using [125I]AzQ (5.0 nm) was carried out in the presence of different S1QELs (5.0 μm each, 1000-fold). Approximately 30 μg of proteins were loaded into each well. Upper panel, gel image of SDS-PAGE analysis used for the photoaffinity labeling; lower panel, the extent of suppression by S1QELs. Values in graphs are mean ± S.E. (n = 3–4). *, p < 0.01; **, p < 0.001 compared with control (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's test).