Table 1.
Pathogens Identified in the GEMS and GEMS-1A Population
| Pathogen | Types (Includes Species, Species, Serotypes, Pathotypes, and Genotypes) |
|---|---|
| Salmonella | Typhi, paratyphi, nontyphoidal |
| Shigella | flexneri (15 subserotypes) sonnei (1 serotype), dysenteriae (14 subserotypes), boydii (19 subserotypes) |
| Campylobacter | jejuni, coli |
| Aeromonas | — |
| Vibrio cholera | O1 Inaba, O1 Ogawa, O139 |
| Escherichia coli | ETEC: either eltB for LT, estA for ST, or both |
| Enteroaggregative: aatA, aaiC, or both | |
| EPEC: typical EPEC (bfpA with or without eae) or atypical EPEC (eae without either bfpA, stx1, or stx2) | |
| EHEC: eae with stx1, stx2, or both, and without bfpA | |
| Rotavirus | — |
| Adenovirus | Serotypes 40 and 41 |
| Norovirus | Genotypes I and II |
| Sapovirus | — |
| Astrovirus | — |
| Cryptosporidium | — |
| Giardia | — |
| Entamoeba histolytica | — |
| Clostridium difficile toxin [1] | Toxin, no toxin, no pathogen but toxin, GDH-positive toxin-negative, GDH-negative toxin-positive |
| Ascaris lumbricoides [1] | — |
| Strongyloides stercoralis [1] | — |
| Hookworm [1] | — |
| Bacteroides fragilis [1] | Toxin-positive |
Abbreviations: EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EHEC, Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GEMS, Global Enteric Multicenter Study; LT, heat-labile toxin; ST, heat-stable toxin.