Table 3.

Co-morbidities in young apolipoprotein ɛ4 carriers

Subjects / Age	Sample Size	Sex	Study Scope	Major Finding	Citation	Quality of Evidence
Meta-analysis of 28 studies on schizophrenia; Age of subjects not specified	Not specified	Mixed	Determine the association between APOE and schizophrenia: evidence of systematic review and updated meta-analysis	Protective effect was found for ɛ3 in the Asian population (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54–0.98)	Gonzalez-Castro et al. [70]	Moderate
Infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	ɛ4 Carriers (N = 41)	Mixed	APOE genotype and outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	Disability was not associated with APOE genotype in this cohort of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients	Cotton et al. [72]	Moderate
Pooled analysis of 15 studies on the association of APOE alleles with age-related macular degeneration; Age not specified	Not specified	Mixed	Evidence of association of APOE with age-related macular degeneration–a pooled analysis of 15 studies	Decrease in risk associated with each copy of ɛ4 in all age-related macular degeneration sub-phenotypes (Neovascular: OR = 0.74, CI 0.66–0.83; Geographic Atrophic: OR = 0.65, CI 0.55–0.77; Geographic Atrophic Neovascular: OR = 0.71, CI 0.59–0.85; early Age-Related Macular Degeneration: OR = 0.84, CI 0.77–0.92	McKay et al. [71]	High
Male and female patients, average age 46, from the dermatology clinic at Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Spain	ɛ3/ɛ4 (N = 54), ɛ4/ɛ4(N = 3), ɛ2/ɛ4(N = 5)	Mixed	APOE4 allele is associated with psoriasis severity	ɛ4 carriers were significantly more common in patients with severe psoriasis compared to controls (p = 0.003) and to non-severe psoriasis (p = 0.017)	Coto-Segura et al. [150]	Moderate
Children in Brasilia Brazil with and without CP; Age not specified	ɛ4 Carriers (N = 139)	Mixed	Association of APOE genotype and CP	Presence of ɛ2 raised the probability of having cerebral palsy (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.27–8.27). The presence of ɛ4 was not significantly different among groups	Braga et al. [73]	Moderate
Infants in Edinburgh Scotland	ɛ4 Carriers (N = 95)	Mixed	APOE ɛ4 and its prevalence in early childhood death due to sudden infant death syndrome or to recognized causes	Percentage of children with at least one ɛ4 allele was lower in non-SIDS compared to SIDS (p = 0.016)	Becher et al. [59]	Moderate
Caucasian (70%) and African-American children (30%) from Louisville, KY, area, average age 6.4 years	ɛ4 Carriers (N = 19)	Mixed	APOE ɛ4 allele, cognitive dysfunction, and obstructive sleep apnea in children	ɛ4 allele is more frequent in children with obstructive sleep apnea and particularly in children who develop neurocognitive deficits	Gozal et al. [151]	Low
White, Black, and Hispanic children from the Chicago area; Age not specified	ɛ4 Carriers (N = 25 patients; N = 9 controls)	Mixed	Association of APOE genotype and CP in children	Overall risk for CP was elevated 3.4-fold among children carrying an ɛ4 allele	Kuroda et al. [75]	Low
40 patients with CP and 40 without, in S’ao Paulo, Brazil; Age not specified	Total N = 80, 40 with CP, 40 without CP; ɛ4 Carriers (N = 13 patients; N = 4 controls)	Mixed	Presence of APOE ɛ4 allele in CP	OR for correlation between CP and ɛ4 allele = 4.333	de Barros et al. [74]	Low

APOE, apolipoprotein E; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CP, cerebral palsy; OR, odds ratio; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome.