Table 2. Hospital and Unit Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Units (N = 66 Units)a | Low-Readmission Intervention Units (n = 17 of 33 Units) | High-Readmission Intervention Units (n = 16 of 33 Units) | |
| Hospital-Level Characteristics | |||
| Licensed beds, mean (SD), No. | 546.97 (336.46) | 441.76 (212.62) | 658.75 (409.16) |
| Geographic location | |||
| Northeast United States | 14 (42.4) | 5 (29.4) | 9 (56.3) |
| Midwest United States | 8 (24.2) | 4 (23.5) | 4 (25.0) |
| North United States | 2 (6.1) | 2 (11.8) | 0 |
| West or Southwest United States | 5 (15.2) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (18.8) |
| South United States | 2 (6.1) | 2 (11.8) | 0 |
| Saudi Arabia | 2 (6.1) | 2 (11.8) | 0 |
| Teaching status | |||
| Community | |||
| Nonteaching | 12 (36.4) | 8 (47.1) | 4 (25.0) |
| Teaching | 7 (21.2) | 2 (11.8) | 5 (31.3) |
| Urban | |||
| Nonteaching | 4 (12.1) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (18.8) |
| Teaching | 4 (12.1) | 4 (23.5) | 0 |
| Academic medical center | 6 (18.2) | 2 (11.8) | 4 (25.0) |
| Unit-Level Characteristics | |||
| Intervention units | |||
| Licensed beds, mean (SD), No. | 36.06 (11.78) | 37.18 (9.57) | 34.87 (13.99) |
| 30-d rate per 100 discharges at baseline, mean (SD), % | |||
| Readmission | 12.08 (3.50) | 9.92 (2.94) | 14.39 (2.42) |
| ED/Obsb | 9.00 (2.70) | 8.59 (3.31) | 9.42 (1.85) |
| Type | |||
| Medical | 7 (21.2) | 1 (5.9) | 6 (37.5) |
| Surgical | 3 (9.1) | 3 (17.6) | 0 |
| Medical-surgical combined | 15 (45.5) | 8 (47.1) | 7 (43.8) |
| Step-down | 7 (21.2) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (18.8) |
| Blended acuity | 1 (3.0) | 1 (5.9) | 0 |
| Discharge modelc | |||
| National | 5 (15.2) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (23.5) |
| State, local, or other | 11 (33.3) | 6 (37.5) | 5 (29.4) |
| None | 17 (51.5) | 8 (50.0) | 8 (47.1) |
| Control units | |||
| Licensed beds, mean (SD), No. | 33.00 (9.53) | 34.29 (10.61) | 31.63 (8.38) |
| 30-d rate per 100 discharges at baseline, mean (SD), % | |||
| Readmission | 12.28 (4.34) | 10.16 (3.62) | 14.53 (2.42) |
| ED/Obsb | 8.92 (3.14) | 8.63 (3.83) | 9.23 (2.26) |
| Type | |||
| Medical | 10 (30.3) | 4 (23.5) | 6 (37.5) |
| Surgical | 4 (12.1) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (6.3) |
| Medical-surgical combined | 13 (39.4) | 6 (35.3) | 7 (43.8) |
| Step-down | 6 (18.2) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (12.5) |
| Blended acuity | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.9) |
| Discharge modelc | |||
| National | 6 (18.2) | 1 (6.3) | 4 (23.5) |
| State, local, or other | 13 (39.4) | 6 (37.5) | 7 (41.2) |
| None | 14 (42.4) | 9 (56.3) | 6 (35.3) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; Obs, observation.
a
Includes 33 hospitals each with 1 intervention unit and 1 control unit.
b
Emergency department visit or observation stay with no record of readmission. We combined ED and Obs as return to the hospital without inpatient readmission.
c
National initiatives include Transitional Care Model, Care Transition Model, RED, BOOST, IHI/State Action on Avoidable Readmissions, IHI/American College of Cardiology Hospital to Home (H2H), and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Care Transition Project: Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT). State, local, or other includes state hospital association and other regional collaboratives and local or hospital-specific initiatives.