Table 3. Factors Associated With Palliative Care in an Adjusted Multilevel Model Including a Hospital-Level Random Intercept .

Indicator	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P Valuea
Hospital type
Non-MSH	1 [Reference]	NA
MSH	0.67 (0.53-0.84)	.001
Metastatic cancer type
Prostate	1 [Reference]	NA
Non–small cell lung	1.69 (1.51-1.88)	<.001
Colon	0.56 (0.50-0.63)	<.001
Breast	1.10 (0.98-1.23)	.08
Sex
Male	1 [Reference]	NA
Female	0.95 (0.94-0.97)	<.001
Age group, y
≤50	1 [Reference]	NA
51-60	1.00 (0.97-1.03)	.89
61-70	0.93 (0.90-0.95)	<.001
71-80	0.86 (0.83-0.88)	<.001
≥81	0.79 (0.77-0.82)	<.001
Race/ethnicity
White	1 [Reference]	NA
Black non-Hispanic	1.02 (0.99-1.04)	.19
Hispanic	1.06 (1.01-1.10)	.01
Asian	0.93 (0.88-0.98)	.008
Other	0.92 (0.85-1.01)	.08
Unknown	0.78 (0.72-0.84)	<.001
Year of diagnosis
2004-2006	1 [Reference]	NA
2007-2009	1.10 (1.08-1.12)	<.001
2010-2012	1.16 (1.14-1.18)	<.001
2013-2015	1.30 (1.27-1.33)	<.001
Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index
0	1 [Reference]	NA
1	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	.18
≥2	1.00 (0.98-1.03)	.70
Insurance
Private	1 [Reference]	NA
Medicare	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	.14
Medicaid	1.16 (1.13-1.19)	<.001
Other governmental	1.20 (1.13-1.27)	<.001
None	1.17 (1.13-1.21)	<.001
Unknown	0.87 (0.82-0.92)	<.001
Family income, $a
>63 000	1 [Reference]	NA
49 000-63 000	0.99 (0.97-1.01)	.39
38 000-48 999	0.97 (0.95-1.00)	.06
<38 000	0.99 (0.96-1.02)	.46
Unknown	0.87 (0.65-1.16)	.34
Educational level, % without high school diplomaa
>30	1 [Reference]	NA
13-20.9	1.00 (0.98-1.02)	.94
7-12.9	1.00 (0.97-1.03)	.99
<7	1.00 (0.97-1.03)	.98
Unknown	1.24 (0.92-1.66)	.16

Abbreviations: MSH, minority-serving hospital; NA, not applicable.

^aEstimated from county of residence.