Table 1. Baseline Veteran Participant Characteristics.
| Variable | No. (%) | Population vs Sample Differences, χ2 or F Test | P Value | Effect Sizea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population in Treatment With CCM Team (n = 5596) | Interviewed Sample (n = 1050) | ||||
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.2 (14.5) | 53.5 (14.0) | 9.13 | .003 | 0.0016 |
| Female sex | 881 (15.7) | 210 (20.0) | 15.9 | .001 | 0.0522b |
| Race/ethnicity | 3.6 | .16 | 0.0256 | ||
| White | 4192 (79.5) | 825 (81.7) | |||
| Black | 933 (17.7) | 159 (15.7) | |||
| Other | 149 (2.8) | 26 (2.6) | |||
| Hispanic | 676 (12.4) | 97 (9.5) | 9.1 | .003 | 0.0400 |
| Minority | 1725 (31.3) | 275 (26.5) | 12.6 | .001 | 0.0468 |
| Married | 2602 (46.8) | 487 (46.7) | 0.03 | .86 | 0.0023 |
| Employed (full- or part-time; self-employed) | 2702 (50.2) | 532 (52.5) | 2.0 | .16 | 0.0190 |
| Rural residence | 1205 (21.6) | 227 (21.6) | 0.03 | .87 | 0.0022 |
| Period of service, Gulf War or later (1990-present) | 2858 (51.1) | 497 (47.3) | 6.7 | .01 | 0.0339 |
| VA disability ≥50% | 4338 (77.5) | 844 (80.4) | 5.6 | .02 | 0.0309 |
| Clinical data | |||||
| Depression or anxiety disorder | 3278 (58.6) | 592 (56.4) | 1.1 | .30 | 0.0136 |
| Serious mental illness (bipolar spectrum or schizophrenia) | 1924 (34.4) | 340 (32.4) | 1.2 | .27 | 0.0146 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 2793 (49.9) | 474 (45.1) | 8.5 | .01 | 0.0382 |
| Substance use disorder | 1096 (19.6) | 169 (16.1) | 8.1 | .01 | 0.0373 |
| No. of active mental health diagnoses, mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.4) | 4.8 | .03 | 0.0008 |
| No. of active medical diagnoses, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.3) | 8.9 | .03 | 0.0015 |
| Mental health hospitalization in previous year | 248 (4.4) | 36 (3.4) | 2.5 | .11 | 0.0207 |
| Medical-surgical hospitalization in previous year | 405 (7.2) | 73 (7.0) | 0.1 | .73 | 0.0046 |
Abbreviations: CCM, collaborative chronic care model; VA, US Department of Veterans Affairs.
a
Effect sizes for continuous variables are reported as η2, and categorical variables as Cramer V.
b
Purposive oversampling for representation of women.