| Demographic characteristics and comorbidities, No. (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age, mean (SD), y |
77.3 (7.3) |
78.4 (7.8) |
78.6 (8.1) |
78.6 (8.5) |
78.1 (8.6) |
78.2 (8.0) |
| Female |
505 015 (49.9) |
505 786 (50.6) |
461 401 (50.2) |
366 863 (49.4) |
326 029 (47.1) |
2 165 094 (49.6) |
| White |
914 985 (90.3) |
889 941 (89.1) |
809 239 (88.0) |
650 931 (87.6) |
599 774 (86.6) |
3 864 870 (88.5) |
| Black |
61 039 (6.0) |
68 416 (6.8) |
67 842 (7.4) |
56 564 (7.6) |
55 536 (8.0) |
309 397 (7.1) |
| Other race |
31 440 (3.1) |
40 652 (4.1) |
42 900 (4.7) |
35 317 (4.8) |
37 476 (5.4) |
193 218 (4.4) |
| Heart failure |
134 488 (13.3) |
144 952 (14.5) |
136 957 (14.9) |
106 029 (14.3) |
92 039 (13.3) |
614 465 (14.1) |
| Myocardial infarction |
46 391 (4.6) |
49 164 (4.9) |
45 062 (4.9) |
36 292 (4.9) |
33 072 (4.8) |
209 981 (4.8) |
| Unstable angina |
56 939 (5.6) |
49 009 (4.9) |
33 820 (3.7) |
21 471 (2.9) |
17 680 (2.6) |
178 919 (4.1) |
| Chronic atherosclerosis |
680 245 (67.2) |
655 429 (65.6) |
630 149 (68.5) |
519 313 (69.9) |
496 177 (71.6) |
2 981 313 (68.3) |
| Cardiorespiratory disease |
21 737 (2.1) |
25 313 (2.5) |
27 667 (3.0) |
34 521 (4.6) |
36 762 (5.3) |
146 000 (3.3) |
| Hypertension |
485 258 (47.9) |
537 800 (53.8) |
532 660 (57.9) |
477 564 (64.3) |
468 670 (67.7) |
2 501 952 (57.3) |
| Stroke |
20 517 (2.0) |
20 595 (2.1) |
17 841 (1.9) |
13 913 (1.9) |
12 405 (1.8) |
85 271 (2.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
40 588 (4.0) |
52 259 (5.2) |
42 135 (4.6) |
30 768 (4.1) |
27 183 (3.9) |
192 933 (4.4) |
| Renal failure |
31 353 (3.1) |
45 552 (4.6) |
64 392 (7.0) |
87 220 (11.7) |
92 187 (13.3) |
320 704 (7.3) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
204 168 (20.2) |
227 051 (22.7) |
223 856 (24.3) |
158 333 (21.3) |
138 327 (20.0) |
951 735 (21.8) |
| Pneumonia |
91 977 (9.1) |
126 982 (12.7) |
131 896 (14.3) |
114 628 (15.4) |
101 380 (14.6) |
566 863 (13.0) |
| Protein calorie malnutrition |
9810 (1.0) |
24 282 (2.4) |
27 512 (3.0) |
33 123 (4.5) |
36 604 (5.3) |
131 331 (3.0) |
| Dementia |
50 051 (4.9) |
92 066 (9.2) |
95 134 (10.3) |
81 219 (10.9) |
47 194 (6.8) |
365 664 (8.4) |
| Functional disability |
18 090 (1.8) |
25 823 (2.6) |
21 925 (2.4) |
18 419 (2.5) |
17 522 (2.5) |
101 779 (2.3) |
| Peripheral vascular disease |
52 800 (5.2) |
61 473 (6.2) |
60 671 (6.6) |
49 220 (6.6) |
41 585 (6.0) |
265 749 (6.1) |
| Metastatic cancer |
23 717 (2.3) |
62 611 (6.3) |
60 943 (6.6) |
50 061 (6.7) |
44 158 (6.4) |
241 490 (5.5) |
| Trauma in past year |
41 581 (4.1) |
51 883 (5.2) |
56 273 (6.1) |
45 483 (6.1) |
37 689 (5.4) |
232 909 (5.3) |
| Major psychiatric disorder |
12 524 (1.2) |
18 274 (1.8) |
16 481 (1.8) |
14 918 (2.0) |
15 113 (2.2) |
77 310 (1.8) |
| Liver disease |
4222 (0.4) |
5673 (0.6) |
6337 (0.7) |
5102 (0.7) |
5751 (0.8) |
27 085 (0.6) |
| Depression |
22 740 (2.2) |
44 332 (4.4) |
48 799 (5.3) |
40 341 (5.4) |
41 069 (5.9) |
197 281 (4.5) |
| Diabetes |
334 688 (33.0) |
293 433 (29.4) |
277 281 (30.1) |
225 956 (30.4) |
229 613 (33.1) |
1 360 971 (31.2) |
| Outcomes, % (95% CI) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 30-d mortality |
19.1 (19.1-19.2) |
19.2 (19.2-19.3) |
17.1 (17.1-17.2) |
15.2 (15.1-15.3) |
13.4 (13.3-13.5) |
17.2 (17.1-17.2) |
| In-hospital mortality |
14.3 (14.2-14.4) |
14.1 (14.0-14.1) |
11.5 (11.5-11.6) |
9.2 (9.15-9.28) |
7.7 (7.63-7.76) |
11.7 (11.7-11.8) |
| 30-d readmission |
21.3 (21.2-21.4) |
21.8 (21.7-21.9) |
21.4 (21.3-21.5) |
20.2 (20.1-20.3) |
17.4 (17.3-17.5) |
20.4 (20.3-20.4) |
| Discharge to home |
44.5 (44.4-44.6) |
46.1 (46.0-46.2) |
45.1 (45.0-45.2) |
46.9 (46.8-47.0) |
50.2 (50.1-50.3) |
46.3 (46.3-46.3) |
| Discharge to home with home health service |
9.1 (9.06-9.17) |
9.6 (9.51-9.62) |
12.1 (12.1-12.2) |
13.2 (13.2-13.3) |
13.2 (13.1-13.3) |
11.2 (11.2-11.2) |
| Discharge to skilled nursing home |
10.5 (10.4-10.5) |
14.0 (13.9-14.1) |
15.9 (15.8-16.0) |
16.6 (16.6-16.7) |
15.4 (15.3-15.5) |
11.8 (11.8-11.9) |
| Discharge to hospice |
0 (0.01-0.01) |
0.3 (0.30-0.32) |
1.7 (1.64-1.69) |
2.7 (2.71-2.78) |
3.0 (2.96-3.04) |
1.4 (1.35-1.38) |
| Transferred to another acute-care hospital |
19.0 (18.9-19.1) |
11.7 (11.6-11.7) |
8.8 (8.70-8.82) |
6.6 (6.57-6.68) |
5.6 (5.59-5.70) |
10.9 (10.9-11.0) |
| Length of stay, mean (SD), d |
6.5 (6.0) |
6.5 (6.7) |
6.2 (6.5) |
5.7 (5.9) |
5.1 (5.2) |
6.1 (6.2) |
