Table 1. All-Age Deaths and Age-Standardized Mortality Rates for Selected Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Subcategories and Their Percentage Change by Sex in China, 1990-2016.
| Subcategory | All-Age Deaths, No. in Thousands (95% UI) | Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (95% UI), per 100 000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2016 | Change, % | 1990 | 2016 | Change, % | |
| All CVD | ||||||
| Male | 1304 (1258-1358) | 2336 (2263-2402) | 79.2 | 479.7 (466.0-495.9) | 383.0 (371.8-393.1) | −20.2 |
| Female | 1204 (1142-1340) | 1638 (1572-1700) | 36.1 | 391.2 (370.5-437.9) | 241.7 (232.1-250.6) | −38.2 |
| Total | 2508 (2422-2672) | 3975 (3878-4076) | 58.5 | 431.6 (416.9-462.7) | 307.9 (300.0-315.5) | −28.7 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | ||||||
| Male | 52 (47-61) | 31 (29-33) | −40.9 | 16.8 (15.2-19.4) | 4.8 (4.5-5.2) | −71.2 |
| Female | 85 (73-103) | 40 (37-44) | −52.2 | 24.0 (20.6-29.6) | 5.6 (5.1-6.1) | −76.6 |
| Total | 137 (123-162) | 71 (67-76) | −47.9 | 20.6 (18.4-24.5) | 5.2 (4.9-5.6) | −74.5 |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||||
| Male | 325 (305-360) | 981 (945-1013) | 201.8 | 125.3 (118.2-138.0) | 166.7 (161.0-171.9) | 33.1 |
| Female | 281 (260-325) | 742 (707-780) | 163.7 | 97.0 (89.6-113.0) | 112.2 (107.0-117.9) | 15.7 |
| Total | 606 (571-677) | 1723 (1670-1778) | 184.1 | 110.0 (103.4-123.6) | 137.7 (133.7-142.1) | 25.3 |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||||
| Male | 210 (197-227) | 444 (424-463) | 110.9 | 83.3 (77.8-90.3) | 74.0 (70.7-77.4) | −11.2 |
| Female | 186 (171-217) | 285 (265-304) | 53.1 | 62.6 (57.3-73.5) | 42.1 (39.2-45.0) | −32.7 |
| Total | 396 (372-440) | 729 (698-759) | 83.8 | 71.7 (67.0-80.4) | 56.9 (54.4-59.5) | −20.7 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
| Male | 536 (504-593) | 668 (642-695) | 24.7 | 182.6 (171.8-201.4) | 99.7 (95.8-103.8) | −45.4 |
| Female | 455 (415-535) | 393 (367-417) | −13.5 | 140.1 (127.9-166.1) | 54.6 (50.8-57.9) | −61.0 |
| Total | 991 (931-1120) | 1061 (1023-1102) | 7.2 | 159.6 (149.6-182.2) | 76.0 (73.1-79.0) | −52.4 |
| Hypertensive heart disease | ||||||
| Male | 102 (53-120) | 133 (89-148) | 30.2 | 42.7 (23.3-49.8) | 23.8 (15.6-26.4) | −44.2 |
| Female | 112 (62-130) | 108 (68-133) | −3.9 | 39.5 (22.8-45.3) | 16.4 (10.3-20.2) | −58.4 |
| Total | 215 (140-247) | 241 (168-278) | 12.3 | 41.1 (27.6-46.8) | 19.8 (13.8-22.8) | −51.7 |
| Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis | ||||||
| Male | 7 (7-13) | 18 (13-20) | 102.8 | 2.2 (1.9-3.4) | 2.9 (2.1-3.2) | 29.0 |
| Female | 7 (6-13) | 12 (8-14) | 72.1 | 1.9 (1.5-3.2) | 1.9 (1.2-2.2) | 3.2 |
| Total | 16 (14-24) | 30 (23-33) | 88.9 | 2.0 (1.7-3.0) | 2.4 (1.8-2.6) | 15.7 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | ||||||
| Male | 5 (4-6) | 15 (12-18) | 222.2 | 3.0 (2.3-3.9) | 3.2 (2.5-3.9) | 4.9 |
| Female | 9 (7-12) | 23 (19-29) | 165.5 | 3.8 (2.9-5.1) | 3.7 (3.0-4.6) | −2.9 |
| Total | 13 (10-17) | 38 (31-47) | 184.9 | 3.5 (2.7-4.6) | 3.5 (2.8-4.3) | −1.2 |
| Aortic aneurysm | ||||||
| Male | 5 (5-6) | 9 (8-10) | 76.7 | 1.8 (1.6-2.0) | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | −21.5 |
| Female | 2 (2-3) | 4 (4-4) | 63.4 | 0.8 (0.7-0.9) | 0.6 (0.5-0.6) | −28.1 |
| Total | 8 (7-9) | 13 (12-14) | 72.4 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 1.0 (0.9-1.0) | −23.0 |
| Peripheral artery disease | ||||||
| Male | 0 (0-1) | 1 (1-2) | 250.4 | 0.2 (0.1-0.3) | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 36.9 |
| Female | 0 (0-0) | 1 (1-1) | 297.9 | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 55.1 |
| Total | 1 (0-1) | 2 (2-3) | 268.7 | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.2 (0.2-0.2) | 46.6 |
| Endocarditis | ||||||
| Male | 2 (1-3) | 3 (3-5) | 60.3 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 0.6 (0.5-0.8) | −16.1 |
| Female | 2 (2-2) | 2 (2-3) | 29.4 | 0.5 (0.5-0.7) | 0.4 (0.3-0.4) | −30.9 |
| Total | 4 (3-5) | 6 (5-7) | 45.8 | 0.6 (0.5-0.7) | 0.5 (0.4-0.6) | −22.4 |
| Other CVD and circulatory disease | ||||||
| Male | 57 (22-74) | 33 (27-57) | −41.6 | 21.2 (7.7-27.9) | 5.7 (4.6-9.8) | −73.1 |
| Female | 65 (27-77) | 27 (23-52) | −57.9 | 21.0 (8.9-25.3) | 4.1 (3.5-7.8) | −80.6 |
| Total | 122 (58-145) | 61 (53-95) | −50.3 | 21.2 (9.9-25.3) | 4.8 (4.2-7.6) | −77.3 |
Abbreviation: UI, uncertainty interval.