Table 4.
Test performance by class membership on the neuropsychological battery that was used to form the latent classes (SDs in parentheses)
| Tests | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | Class 5 | Class 6 | Class 7 | Class 8 | Class 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 77 (5.70%) | 90 (6.70%) | 81 (6.00%) | 37 (2.80%) | 346 (25.7%) | 440 (32.7%) | 136 (10.10%) | 34 (2.5%) | 104 (7.7%) | F | p-Value |
| FCSRT - Free Recall | 29.3 (6.1) | 30.3 (5.4) | 23.4 (5.8) | 29.1 (5.4) | 31.4(4.7) | 33.3 (4.3) | 23.6 (5.4) | 24.8 (6.8) | 35.5 (4.0) | 98.9 (8, 1321) | <.001 |
| Boston Naming | 7.7 (2.0) | 11.2 (2.1) | 8.1 (2.4) | 11.7 (2.1) | 11.5 (2.1) | 13.0(1.7) | 12.0 (2.1) | 7.8 (2.7) | 14.2 (1.1) | 140.6 (8, 1316) | <.001 |
| Digit Span | 10.0 (2.9) | 12.0 (2.6) | 11.8 (2.7) | 14.0 (2.9) | 12.3 (2.7) | 15.0 (3.2) | 14.6 (3.2) | 10.7 (3.1) | 18.9 (3.7) | 84.6 (8, 1331) | <.001 |
| Digit Symbol Coding | 19.2 (6.6) | 30.4 (9.0) | 31.0 (7.2) | 28.3 (10.1) | 34.1 (8.0) | 48.9 (9.5) | 40.9 (8.4) | 19.6 (8.2) | 61.1 (10.1) | 258.6 (8, 1323) | <.001 |
| Block Design | 9.8 (5.2) | 16.7 (7.1) | 15.7 (6.6) | 15.8 (6.2) | 17.0 (6.3) | 24.6 (7.0) | 24.4 (6.5) | 11.7 (7.6) | 34.9 (8.1) | 121.6 (8, 1175) | <.001 |
| Word Fluency | 19.1 (8.2) | 27.0 (9.7) | 24.0 (8.5) | 34.2 (10.9) | 30.9 (9.5) | 40.5 (10.6) | 35.5 (11.1) | 19.8 (9.6) | 51.3 (10.8) | 100.8 (8, 1230) | <.001 |
| Categories | 28.0 (6.3) | 33.1 (7.0) | 25.9 (5.8) | 35.9 (7.4) | 35.7 (6.2) | 41.7 (6.7) | 31.3 (5.2) | 27.0 (5.7) | 51.3 (8.3) | 167.0 (8, 1326) | <.001 |
| Logical Memory | 13.5 (5.7) | 16.7 (5.9) | 13.6 (5.3) | 20.8 (5.6) | 17.5 (5.7) | 23.2 (5.9) | 17.5 (5.7) | 15.2 (7.2) | 27.5 (5.7) | 76.4 (8, 1285) | <.001 |
| Trail Making Test A | 100.3 (18.7) | 69.6 (16.1) | 76.1 (16.1) | 109.1 (18.6) | 59.2 (13.0) | 46.2 (12.4) | 53.6 (12.8) | 157.2 (23.3) | 39.1 (11.3) | 410.1 (8, 1244) | <.001 |
| Trail Making Test B | 277.1 (37.8) | 280.8 (26.4) | 160.7 (43.7) | 193.4 (56.0) | 149.8 (33.1) | 100.1 (27.6) | 113.8 (33.4) | 282.9 (46.3) | 75.0 (20.9) | 585.5 (8, 1244) | <.001 |
Note. Class 1 = the disadvantaged class; Class 2 = poor language; Class 3 = poor episodic memory and fluency; Class 4 = poor processing speed and executive function; Class 5 = low average cognition; Class 6 = high average cognition; Class 7 = average cognition; Class 8 = poor executive and poor working memory; Class 9 = elite.