Table 4.
Comparison of characteristics and metabolic parameters according to body mass index
| Normal (BMI <23) (n=235) | Overweight (23≤BMI<25) (n=102) | Obese (BMI ≥25) (n=115) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 40.45±9.33 | 45.25±8.85 | 44.57±10.21 | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 57 (24.3%) | 53 (52.0%) | 78 (67.8%) | <0.001 |
| Sex, female | 178 (75.7%) | 49 (48.0%) | 37 (32.2%) | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 55.71±6.36 | 64.75±6.42 | 77.55±11.45 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.78±1.49 | 23.98±0.58 | 27.27±2.11 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 75.73±5.13 | 84.89±4.73 | 91.85±7.30 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 88.89±4.70 | 94.26±4.58 | 99.77±6.84 | <0.001 |
| Waist hip ratio | 0.85±0.04 | 0.90±0.03 | 0.92±0.04 | <0.001 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 41.04±6.32 | 45.98±8.18 | 54.56±10.38 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 14.67±3.30 | 18.77±3.90 | 22.99±5.78 | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 26.38±5.53 | 29.07±6.27 | 30.17±6.49 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113.40±12.06 | 121.64±14.45 | 126.86±13.47 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.87±8.51 | 75.71±10.39 | 78.88±9.68 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.34±31.73 | 191.18±33.14 | 198.38±34.00 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 80.33±45.36 | 114.40±66.77 | 143.01±105.14 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.84±11.03 | 49.79±10.21 | 47.51±8.55 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 142.56±36.17 | 164.27±36.95 | 179.48±46.41 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 81.78±7.77 | 85.87±12.33 | 90.59±18.16 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 3.37±1.98 | 4.09±2.28 | 5.60±3.40 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.69±0.46 | 0.88±0.54 | 1.32±1.26 | <0.001 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 1.87±1.42 | 2.25±1.93 | 2.34±1.98 | 0.101 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 6.49±4.49 | 5.06±3.03 | 4.42±3.51 | <0.001 |
| Log DPP-4 concentration (ng/mL) | 2.67±0.12 | 2.69±0.10 | 2.71±0.10 | 0.009 |
| Fatty liver | 26 (11.1%) | 30 (29.4%) | 55 (47.8%) | <0.001 |
Values are normal distribution and are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD) or number (%).
One way analysis of variance or chi-square test or Kruskal-Wallis test.
BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.