Table 4.

Comparison of characteristics and metabolic parameters according to body mass index

	Normal (BMI <23) (n=235)	Overweight (23≤BMI<25) (n=102)	Obese (BMI ≥25) (n=115)	P
Age (yr)	40.45±9.33	45.25±8.85	44.57±10.21	<0.001
Sex, male	57 (24.3%)	53 (52.0%)	78 (67.8%)	<0.001
Sex, female	178 (75.7%)	49 (48.0%)	37 (32.2%)	<0.001
Body weight (kg)	55.71±6.36	64.75±6.42	77.55±11.45	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	20.78±1.49	23.98±0.58	27.27±2.11	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	75.73±5.13	84.89±4.73	91.85±7.30	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	88.89±4.70	94.26±4.58	99.77±6.84	<0.001
Waist hip ratio	0.85±0.04	0.90±0.03	0.92±0.04	<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)	41.04±6.32	45.98±8.18	54.56±10.38	<0.001
Fat mass (kg)	14.67±3.30	18.77±3.90	22.99±5.78	<0.001
Body fat percentage (%)	26.38±5.53	29.07±6.27	30.17±6.49	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	113.40±12.06	121.64±14.45	126.86±13.47	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70.87±8.51	75.71±10.39	78.88±9.68	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	182.34±31.73	191.18±33.14	198.38±34.00	<0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	80.33±45.36	114.40±66.77	143.01±105.14	<0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	55.84±11.03	49.79±10.21	47.51±8.55	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	142.56±36.17	164.27±36.95	179.48±46.41	<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	81.78±7.77	85.87±12.33	90.59±18.16	<0.001
Insulin (μIU/mL)	3.37±1.98	4.09±2.28	5.60±3.40	<0.001
HOMA-IR	0.69±0.46	0.88±0.54	1.32±1.26	<0.001
Leptin (ng/mL)	1.87±1.42	2.25±1.93	2.34±1.98	0.101
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	6.49±4.49	5.06±3.03	4.42±3.51	<0.001
Log DPP-4 concentration (ng/mL)	2.67±0.12	2.69±0.10	2.71±0.10	0.009
Fatty liver	26 (11.1%)	30 (29.4%)	55 (47.8%)	<0.001

Values are normal distribution and are presented as mean±standard deviation (SD) or number (%).

One way analysis of variance or chi-square test or Kruskal-Wallis test.

BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.