Table 1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics by Age at End-stage Renal Disease Onset.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young Adults (22-29 y) | Adolescents (12-21 y) | Children (1-11 y) | ||
| Total, No. | 20 245 | 10 024 | 2887 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 10 835 (53.5) | 5501 (54.9) | 1620 (56.1) | .007 |
| Female | 9410 (46.5) | 4523 (45.1) | 1267 (43.9) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 10 923 (54.0) | 6524 (65.1) | 2093 (72.5) | <.001 |
| Black | 7920 (39.1) | 2870 (28.6) | 559 (19.4) | |
| Other | 1402 (6.9) | 630 (6.3) | 235 (8.1) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 4062 (20.1) | 2729 (27.2) | 734 (25.4) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic | 16 183 (79.9) | 7295 (72.8) | 2153 (74.6) | |
| Urban status | ||||
| Rural | 3439 (17.0) | 1828 (18.2) | 530 (18.4) | .01 |
| Urban | 16 806 (83.0) | 8196 (81.8) | 2357 (81.6) | |
| Insurance type | ||||
| Private | 7526 (37.2) | 4754 (47.4) | 1452 (50.3) | <.001 |
| Public | 7923 (39.1) | 3958 (39.5) | 1371 (47.5) | |
| None | 4796 (23.7) | 1312 (13.1) | 64 (2.2) | |
| Pre-ESRD nephrology care | ||||
| Yes | 9579 (47.3) | 5686 (56.7) | 2129 (73.7) | <.001 |
| No | 7607 (37.6) | 3128 (31.2) | 504 (17.5) | |
| Unknown | 3059 (15.1) | 1210 (12.1) | 254 (8.8) | |
| Obesity | ||||
| Underweight | 1104 (5.5) | 990 (9.9) | 126 (4.4) | <.001 |
| Normal weight | 7799 (38.5) | 5190 (51.8) | 1653 (57.3) | |
| Overweight | 5123 (25.3) | 1813 (18.1) | 505 (17.5) | |
| Obese | 6219 (30.7) | 2013 (20.3) | 603(20.9) | |
| Renal replacement therapy type | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 16 999 (84.0) | 6853 (68.4) | 927 (32.1) | <.001 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 2117 (10.5) | 1821 (18.2) | 1174 (40.7) | |
| Preemptive transplant | 1129 (5.6) | 1350 (13.5) | 786 (27.2) | |
| Hemodialysis vascular access | ||||
| Total | 16 999 | 6853 | 927 | <.001 |
| Fistula | 1356 (8.0) | 450 (6.6) | 11 (1.2) | |
| Graft | 256 (1.5) | 68 (1.0) | 5 (0.5) | |
| Catheter | 14 445 (85.0) | 5910 (86.2) | 847 (91.4) | |
| Other and Unknown | 942 (5.5) | 425 (6.2) | 64 (6.9) | |
| Primary cause of ESRD | ||||
| Glomerulonephritis | 6935 (34.3) | 4307 (43) | 615 (21.3) | <.001 |
| Congenital, hereditary, and cystic diseases | 1174 (5.8) | 1592 (15.9) | 981 (34) | |
| Other cause | 12 136 (59.9) | 4125 (41.3) | 1291 (44.7) | |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities | ||||
| Heart failure | 1599 (7.9) | 305 (3.1) | 29 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery and cardiac disease | 1024 (5.1) | 367 (3.7) | 100 (3.5) | <.001 |
| Other vascular disease | 625 (3.1) | 104 (1.0) | 35 (1.2) | <.001 |
| Noncardiovascular comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 15 791 (78.0) | 5891 (58.9) | 1008 (34.9) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 4537 (22.4) | 382 (3.8) | 23 (0.8) | <.001 |
| Tobacco, alcohol, and drug dependence | 1910 (9.4) | 303 (3.0) | 2 (0.1) | <.001 |
| Nonrenal congenital abnormality | 305 (1.5) | 379 (3.8) | 247 (8.6) | <.001 |
| Other | 1568 (7.7) | 628 (6.3) | 369 (12.8) | <.001 |
| None | 1900 (9.4) | 2520 (25.2) | 1074 (37.2) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: ESRD, end-stage renal disease.