Table 2. Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Risk of Cardiovascular Hospitalizations Based on Characteristics Present at End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Onset (N = 13 426).
| Variable | No. (%) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1, Unadjusted | P Value | Model 2, Adjusted for Demographicsa | P Value | Model 3, Adjusted for All Covariatesb | P Value | ||
| Age group, y | |||||||
| 22-29 | 9039 (67.3) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| 12-21 | 3524 (26.2) | 0.65 (0.57-0.74) | <.001 | 0.68 (0.60-0.77) | <.001 | 0.86 (0.77-0.97) | .02 |
| 1-11 | 863 (6.4) | 0.15 (0.10-0.24) | <.001 | 0.17 (0.11-0.27) | <.001 | 0.41 (0.26-0.64) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 7095 (52.8) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Female | 6331 (47.2) | 1.21 (1.10-1.34) | <.001 | 1.16 (1.06-1.27) | .001 | 1.12 (1.03-1.22) | .01 |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 7091 (52.8) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Black | 5499 (41.0) | 1.77 (1.60-1.96) | <.001 | 1.65 (1.49-1.82) | <.001 | 1.30 (1.19-1.43) | <.001 |
| Other | 836 (6.2) | 0.89 (0.69-1.14) | .35 | 0.86 (0.67-1.10) | .23 | 0.81 (0.64-1.03) | .08 |
| Insurance status | |||||||
| Private | 2591 (19.3) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Public | 7091 (52.8) | 1.85 (1.54-2.22) | <.001 | 1.66 (1.39-1.98) | <.001 | 1.48 (1.28-1.72) | <.001 |
| None | 3744 (27.9) | 1.75 (1.44-2.12) | <.001 | 1.46 (1.20-1.76) | <.001 | 1.27 (1.08-1.49) | .004 |
| Pre-ESRD nephrology care | 6684 (49.8) | 0.84 (0.76-0.92) | <.001 | 0.91 (0.83-1.00) | .047 | 0.97 (0.89-1.06) | .48 |
| Year of ESRD onset | NA | 1.15 (1.13-1.16) | <.001 | 1.12 (1.10-1.13) | <.001 | 1.11 (1.09-1.13) | <.001 |
| Type of renal replacement therapy | |||||||
| Preemptive transplant | 604 (4.5) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Hemodialysis | 10 784 (80.3) | 37.54 (15.66-89.98) | <.001 | 24.59 (10.23-59.09) | <.001 | 14.24 (5.92-34.28) | <.001 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 2038 (15.2) | 15.30 (6.29-37.21) | <.001 | 12.98 (5.34-31.56) | <.001 | 8.47 (3.50-20.53) | <.001 |
| Primary cause of ESRD | |||||||
| Cystic, hereditary, or congenital | 1286 (9.6) | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Glomerulonephritis | 4815 (35.9) | 2.32 (1.77-3.04) | <.001 | 1.65 (1.26-2.16) | <.001 | 1.34 (1.04-1.73) | .02 |
| Other cause | 7325 (54.6) | 2.83 (2.18-3.68) | <.001 | 1.86 (1.43-2.43 | <.001 | 1.37 (1.06-1.76) | .02 |
| Prevalent | |||||||
| Heart failure | 941 (7.0) | 2.03 (1.81-2.27) | <.001 | 1.75 (1.56-1.95) | <.001 | 1.48 (1.32-1.66) | <.001 |
| Coronary artery and cardiac disease | 648 (4.8) | 1.69 (1.47-1.95) | <.001 | 1.55 (1.36-1.76) | <.001 | 1.31 (1.13-1.50) | <.001 |
| Other vascular disease | 372 (2.8) | 1.54 (1.23-1.93) | <.001 | 1.39 (1.08-1.79) | .01 | 1.06 (0.84-1.34) | .62 |
| Hypertension | 9859 (73.4) | 1.78 (1.55-2.03) | <.001 | 1.42 (1.24-1.62) | <.001 | 1.25 (1.11-1.42) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 2519 (18.8) | 1.71 (1.55-1.88) | <.001 | 1.42 (1.29-1.56) | <.001 | 1.34 (1.21-1.48) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; NA, not applicable.
a
Adjusted for age at ESRD onset, sex, and race.
b
Adjusted for patient age at ESRD onset, sex, race, year of ESRD onset, type of renal replacement therapy at ESRD onset, pre-ESRD nephrology care, insurance status at ESRD onset, ESRD causative mechanism, and pre-ESRD history or comorbidities (ie, heart failure, coronary artery and cardiac disease, other vascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes).